The History Of Lsd And Its Effects On The American Counterculture Essay

After World War II ended, the age of baby-booming and urban sprawling began. During this time, many the Statesn soldiers came home from the war married, and had cinque or six children. This created the largest generation ever. Could this new generation change the social world of America? In 1964, most of the baby-boomers children were in their late teens. This was the beginning of a major social change in the United States. With the birth of rock-n-roll not far in the past, and a growing liberalism of the norm ally conservative American Society, it is no wonder that a powerful hallucinogenic drug called lysergic acid diethylamide gained so much popularity. lysergic acid diethylamide-25 was prototypic created in 1938 by Albert Hoffmann in the Sandoz chemical-pharmaceutical laboratories in Basle, Switzerland. It was synthesized from the twenty-fifth escalate of Iysergic acid. When first tested on animals, scientists had no idea that the powerful chemical had such psyched elic properties until Albert Hoffmann himself, involuntarily tested the new chemical. This involuntary testing of the LSD is the first time it was ever tested on a human subject it was a result of Hoffmann accidentally intoxicating himself with LSD-25 during a routine finish process with the chemical.(3) After the experience, Hoffmann wrote Last Friday, April 16, 1943, I was forced to stop my work in the science laboratory in the middle of the afternoon and to go home, as I was seized by a peculiar restlessness associated with a sensation of mild dizziness. On arriving home, I lay down and sank into a kind of drunkenness, which was not unpleasant and which was characterized by extreme activity of the imagination. As I lay in a hazy condition with my eyes closed, (I experienced daylight as disa... ...lso considered to be very inspirational to the hippies. Alan Ginsberg, a popular beat poet was a favorite of many hippies. reel and folk music were also big contributors to this new movement. (2)In my opinion, the one thing that gave the most inspiration to the counterculture movement, beyond everything else, is the nationwide recreational use of LSD. LSD opened up the minds of the American youth, prompting them to explore animateness beyond the norms of society. It made people think critically about the information that is fed to us by the establishment. LSD was the tool to see through all the propaganda of the American capitalists, and see the truths. The truth is what sparked many young people of this time period to al-Qaeda up for their beliefs. Drugs like LSD seemed to be a great way to cure ones self from the brainwashing of American media and corporate bureaucracies. The History Of Lsd And Its do On The American Counterculture EssayAfter World War II ended, the age of baby-booming and urban sprawling began. During this time, many American soldiers came home from the war married, and had five or six children. This created the large st generation ever. Could this new generation change the social world of America? In 1964, most of the baby-boomers children were in their late teens. This was the beginning of a major social change in the United States. With the birth of rock-n-roll not far in the past, and a growing liberalism of the normally conservative American Society, it is no wonder that a powerful hallucinogenic drug called LSD gained so much popularity. LSD-25 was first created in 1938 by Albert Hoffmann in the Sandoz chemical-pharmaceutical laboratories in Basle, Switzerland. It was synthesized from the twenty-fifth compound of Iysergic acid. When first tested on animals, scientists had no idea that the powerful chemical had such psychedelic properties until Albert Hoffmann himself, involuntarily tested the new chemical. This involuntary testing of the LSD is the first time it was ever tested on a human subject it was a result of Hoffmann accidentally intoxicating himself with LSD-25 during a routine purification process with the chemical.(3) After the experience, Hoffmann wrote Last Friday, April 16, 1943, I was forced to stop my work in the laboratory in the middle of the afternoon and to go home, as I was seized by a peculiar restlessness associated with a sensation of mild dizziness. On arriving home, I lay down and sank into a kind of drunkenness, which was not unpleasant and which was characterized by extreme activity of the imagination. As I lay in a dazed condition with my eyes closed, (I experienced daylight as disa... ...lso considered to be very inspirational to the hippies. Alan Ginsberg, a popular beat poet was a favorite of many hippies. Rock and folk music were also big contributors to this new movement. (2)In my opinion, the one thing that gave the most inspiration to the counterculture movement, beyond everything else, is the nationwide recreational use of LSD. LSD opened up the minds of the American youth, prompting them to explore life beyond the norms of society. It made people think critically about the information that is fed to us by the establishment. LSD was the tool to see through all the propaganda of the American capitalists, and see the truths. The truth is what sparked many young people of this time period to stand up for their beliefs. Drugs like LSD seemed to be a good way to cure ones self from the brainwashing of American media and corporate bureaucracies.

Interpreting commercials in todays media :: essays research papers

A good commercial is like a master chefs recipe. Add the right ingredients and everyone will write out it. By translation a commercial is, an advertisement broadcast on radio or television.(Merriam-Webster) Ill pretend that I never heard that definition because to me a commercial is simply money. If effective, then the product sells. When a product sells a company makes more money. Its that simple. In todays society, everything revolves most money. This is why its vital to put effective ads out in the media for consumers to view daily. If your ad doesnt have the right ingredients, then send it to Emeril Lagasse so he can, BAM, Kick it up a notch by adding some of the six Cs.For the seventh consecutive year, Anheuser-Buschs advertising and trade department has put out the number one rated commercial during the Superbowl. Directed toward light beer drinkers, this years ad specifically promotes Budlight. Set up in an airplane, anxious skydivers await for the ok to jump. The ad is c onnected towards jr. men because younger men are doing the jump. The first man jumps without any trouble and the teacher tells the next man its his turn. Its apparent that hes very nervous because he refuses to jump. Trying to coax him even more, the instructor says, non even for some Budlight, holding up a six-pack. He then throws the 6 beers out into the open sky, hoping the skydiver will follow in pursuit of the ratty beer.Instead, the pilot of the plane leaves his controls, runs to the open door, and jumps without a parachute to retrieve the Budlight. The target line says, Fresh, Smooth, Real. Budlight. Its All Here. The captioned tagline used here is fine. It is short and sweet, but exempt clear. As a whole, this advertisement works. Its clear and doesnt beat around the bush or confuse its audience. Everyone who sees this add knows what the product is. The ad targets the credibility of the drink. Anheuser-Busch is dictum hey, if a pilot will jump out of a plane for this bee r, it must be pretty damn good stuff. The directed audience is younger men, like many other beers ads. This specific commercial does not contrast other beer products. They have other commercial out to combat their biggest competition, Miller free Beer. This commercials main goal is to connect with its viewers, rather then to put down the competition.

Capital Punishment Essay: Capital Punishment Targets the Poor

Capital Punishment Targets the Poor In some states, inmates can be executed for wickednesss they pull at the age of 16 in others, only those who committed murder at age 18 or older are eligible for the termination penalisation. This essay will demonstrate that such inconsistencies and many other factors cause a situation where the poor are consistently targeted by the dying penalty. whatsoever states, but not all, ban the execution of people with mental retardation. Some states include felony murder (unpremeditated murder committed in the course of another crime such as robbery or burglary) as a capital crime others do not. In the 29 states that have a sentence of livelihood without parole, 23 have statutes that bar judges from letting jurors know they have that sentencing option. Since studies consistently show that when given a choice between a death sentence and a sentence of life without parole, most people will choose the latter, failure to inform a jury of this alterna tive is tantamount to displace more people to the execution chamber. Social science research has discredited the claim that execution deters murder. The majority of murders are committed in the heat of passion, and/or under the influence of alcohol or drugs, when there is little thought given to the possible consequences of the act. Hit men and other murderers who plan their crimes beforehand, intend and forebode to avoid punishment altogether by not getting caught. Law enforcement officials know that the death penalty is not a deterrent. Imposing the death penalty more often was thought to be cost-effective by only 29% of 386 randomly selected U.S. police chiefs polled by Peter D. Hart Research Associates in 1995. States that have death p... ...ily as an alternative to the death penalty(Death). In 45 states, laws allow life sentences for murder that severely limit or eliminate the accident of parole. Thirteen states impose sentences without the possibility of parole for 25 - 40 years, and all but three of the states that use capital punishment also have the option of life imprisonment with no possibility of parole. Although it is often assumed that capital punishment is less costly than life imprisonment, the opposite is true in name of dollars, in terms of crime control, and in terms of morality. Is there any other way to go than to oppose capital punishment? No. whole kit CITED Death Penalty Information Center http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/ Stanford Law Review http//support.lexis-nexis.com/online/record.asp?ArticleID=LXE_Law_Rev_S

Greek :: essays research papers

Othello is a perfect example of Greek tragedy. It embodies all the essential parts needed to produce a Greek tragedy. A hero of noble birth, his tragic flaw and the reversal and recognition. Fitting a Greek tragedy Othello starts in the middle of an event. Othellos marriage to Desdemona. Iago keeps us certified how and when things are going to happen. Everything is explained through dialogue. Iago tells the audience how things are going to play out in Act II, scene 1, lines 288 through 314, where he says.That Cassio loves her, I do well believetThat she loves him, tis apt and of great credit.The Moor, howbeit that I endure him not,Is of a constant, loving, noble nature,And I dare think hell prove to DesdemonaA most dear husband. Now I do love her tooNot out of absolute lust, though peradventureI stand restrainer for as great a sin,But partly led to diet my revenge,For that I do suspect the lusty MoorHath leaped into my seat the thought whereofDoth, uniform a poisonous mineral, gn aw my inwardsAnd nothing can or shall content my soulTill I am evened with him, wife for wifeOr failing so, yet that I put the MoorAt least into a jealousy so strongThat judgment cannot cure. Which thing to do,If this poor fighting of Venice, whom I trashFor his quick hunting, stand the putting on,Ill have our Michael Casio on the hip,Abuse him to the Moor in the rank garb(For I fearfulness Cassio with my nightcap too),Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward meAnd practicing upon his peace and quietEven to madness. This here, but yet confusedKnaverys plain expect is never seen till used.Othellos flaw is jealousy, in the beginning its not even an issue for him. However when Iago began to plant poisonous seeds of doubt in Othellos mind, it doesnt take long for the green eyed monster to rear its ugly head. During the crisis to the extreme killing of Desdemona. However in the time detail when this story takes place, it was acceptable and common for husbands to kill their wives i f they tarnished their husbands good name. After Othello kills her the falling action began to take place when Othello finds out that he has been betrayed in Act 5, scene II, beginning at line 170. During the falling action you feel pity for Othello even though he murdered Desdemona.

Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the Philippines :: Persuasive Argumentative Papers

Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the PhilippinesWith energy demands outpacing the growth in energy supply in rural areas of the developing valet such as Indonesia and the Philippines, traditional electricity sources and structures give not be able to address many problems with current systems of rural electrification. Both Indonesia and the Philippines have king-size rural populations which are scattered over huge geographic distances that contribute in large part to the growing problem with conventional rural electrification. Indonesia is an archipelago whose 17,000 islands dispersed over 1.83 million km2, and 65% of the 194 million inhabitants live in rural areas (IEA2 165). Likewise the Philippines archipelago includes more than 7100 islands scattered over 1,295,000 km2 of ocean, and 59% of the population live in rural areas (IEA2 203). At the growing rates of population, income, and energy demands in both countries, the current system and sour ces for rural electrification are likely to be extremely costly-economically, socially, and environmentally. Implementing photovoltaic electricity systems as pre-electrification in rural areas where satisfactory grid supplies are not likely to be available within the next 10-15 years and where it is technically suitable, affordable and the least-cost solution for the applications needed, can help alleviate burdens on the electricity sectors and allow for improvements in supplies while accomplishing energy objectives more effectively than the current system.In addition to the apparent gap between energy supplies and demands, the structure of the electricity sector, rural and urban consumption and supply disparities, below cost pricing, and environmental issues accentuate the problems with burdensome conventional rural electrification programs. All of these factors indicate the need for alternative electricity sources in Indonesia and the Philippines. In these areas where income is a lso rising, photovoltaic systems may be lofty ways to address that need.I. The energy problem demand and supplyEnergy consumption has been growing far more rapidly in developing countries in the past decade than in developed countries. The International Energy Agency estimates that by 2010 the current level of demand for energy in developing countries will more than double and will account for almost 40% of world energy demand, due to both population growth and economic growth (IEA1 3). The vitamin E Asian region of the world is particularly important in the evolution of world energy demand because of its rapid economic growth and since there has been a clear positive correlation between economic growth and energy demand growth.

Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the Philippines :: Persuasive Argumentative Papers

Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the PhilippinesWith aught considers outpacing the growth in energy supply in awkward areas of the developing world such as Indonesia and the Philippines, traditional electricity sources and structures will not be able to address many problems with current systems of rural electrification. Both Indonesia and the Philippines have large rural populations which are split over huge geographic distances that contribute in large come out to the growing problem with conventional rural electrification. Indonesia is an archipelago whose 17,000 islands spread over 1.83 million km2, and 65% of the 194 million inhabitants live in rural areas (IEA2 165). Likewise the Philippines archipelago includes more than 7100 islands scattered over 1,295,000 km2 of ocean, and 59% of the population live in rural areas (IEA2 203). At the growing rates of population, income, and energy demands in some(prenominal) countries, the current syste m and sources for rural electrification are likely to be extremely costly-economically, socially, and environmentally. Implementing photovoltaic electricity systems as pre-electrification in rural areas where satisfactory grid supplies are not likely to be available within the next 10-15 years and where it is technically suitable, affordable and the least-cost solution for the applications needed, can help alleviate burdens on the electricity sectors and allow for improvements in supplies bandage accomplishing energy objectives more effectively than the current system.In addition to the apparent gap between energy supplies and demands, the structure of the electricity sector, rural and urban function and supply disparities, below cost pricing, and environmental issues underscore the problems with burdensome conventional rural electrification programs. All of these factors indicate the need for alternative electricity sources in Indonesia and the Philippines. In these areas where i ncome is also rising, photovoltaic systems may be ideal ways to address that need.I. The energy problem demand and supplyEnergy consumption has been growing farther more rapidly in developing countries in the past decade than in developed countries. The International Energy Agency estimates that by 2010 the current aim of demand for energy in developing countries will more than double and will account for almost 40% of world energy demand, due to both population growth and economic growth (IEA1 3). The East Asian region of the world is particularly important in the evolution of world energy demand because of its rapid economic growth and since there has been a clear positive correlation between economic growth and energy demand growth.

Gate Sample Application Form

Zone/Scrutiny Code By Registered Post/ accelerate Post Only 6NP To GATE 2013 Chairman GATE Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, 721302 From Nifal Rasheed Adam AN KHOSLA HALL OF RESIDENCE Indian INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR in force(p) DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, OPPOSITE CMPDI SAMANTAPURI, BHUBANESWAR Orissa, 751013 148 J 871 Y 99380 59870 (Mobile No. ) Cut Here Instructions to the Applicant (GATE 2013) 1. This print out should contain the following pages. (a) This page Address glibness and Instructions. (b) Application process, filled with the information you provided online. c) Bank Challan in Triplicate (available as a separate file for download from the GATE Online Application Interface), if you have chosen Offline Challan Payment (Not applicable for female candidates). 2. On the GATE copy of the Application Form, paste a 4. 5cm x 3. 5cm printed copy of the SAME color photograph you uploaded online. (a) use good quality glue to ensure that the photograph does n ot separate from the application. (b) Do not pin, stapple, sign, or attest the photograph. 3. Read the declaration and put your pinch in the box next to it. 4.If you are in the final yr or you have a backlog after appearing for the final year exam, you must get your Principals or HODs sign and seal in the last portion of the application form. Submit the whole form to the Principals office without cutting it. 5. If you have opted for Challan payment, wait for 48 hours after your online submission to visit the banks branch. You can visit any branch of the bank printed on your challan. 6. The bank teller will verify the details printed on the challan with the data available on their computer and then take on the payment.The bank will retain one copy and give you back the remaining copies one of which you have to send along with the printed application form and the separate is for your reference. 7. Mailing Documents to GATE office. (a) Cut the Address Slip and paste it onto an A4 sized envelope (Do not fill address by hand or potter the address slip). (b) Collect the supporting documents shown under Enclosure Checklist in the application form (if you have uploaded the soft copy of the documents online, you need not send a hard copy). Mark the check list boxes. (c) Do NOT FOLD the application form and Do NOT STAPLE or pin the documents to the form. d) shoot the packet by Speed Post (preferably) or by Registered Post to the address mentioned. The application packet should REACH the respective GATE office on or before Monday, 8 October 2012. Note Application ID 148 J 871 Y. You should preserve this number for further correspondence. Zone/Scrutiny Code 6NP 148 J 871 Y (Full make out of Applicant) GATE 2013 Application Form Applicants recent photograph 4. 5 cm x 3. 5 cm (Application ID) Nifal Rasheed Adam 148 J 871 Y 20 Aug 1990 (D. O. B) potent (Name of Parent) OBC-NC Do not Attest Do not sign on photo Indian National P Abdul Rasheed Communication AddressAN KHOSLA HALL OF RESIDENCE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR NEAR DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, OPPOSITE CMPDI SAMANTAPURI, BHUBANESWAR Orissa, 751013 India GATE Exam Details ME (GATE Paper code) Bhubaneswar, OR (Exam City 1) Cuttack, OR (Exam City 2) Scribe Assistance undeniable emailprotected com 99380 59870 (Mobile No. ) No Qualification Details B. Tech Mechanical Engg. Graduated No, Year of Graduation 2013 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR BHUBANESWAR Orissa, 751013 Zonal GATE stain Contact Chairman GATE Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, 721302 Payment Details Online Rs. 1200. 00MSBI2813789700 21/09/2012 I hereby declare that all the particulars stated in this application form are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. I have read the Information Brochure and I shall abide by the monetary value and conditions therein. In the event of suppression or distortion of any fact in my application form, I understand that I will be denied the hazard to a ppear in GATE 2013. Further, if any suppression or distortion of facts is found after appearing in the exam, any admission/degree acquired on the basis of GATE 2013 score is liable to be cancelled. Digital Fingerprint b16140f109c2622e796613acd26a33dcDate / / Applicants signature inside the box in black sign Principal Certificate (For use as the eligibility certificate only for final year or backlog applicants) This is to certify that Nifal Rasheed Adam is a student enrolled in INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR, BHUBANESWAR. He is a student of the final year of B. Tech. He appeared in the final semester/year exam of the above degree, provided has a backlog to be cleared from an earlier semester/year, and therefore cannot produce a course completion certificate. Date Signature of Principal/ HOD Seal

Great Gatsby and Araby Essay

In Araby, an allegorical short story from his compilation, Dubliners, author James Joyce depicts his country of origin of Ireland as a paralyzing and morally filthy environment. The young suspensor is an unknowing victim of purchase orders preoccupation with materialism, and in his rush to grow up accepts its distorted views of riches and love as truth. Conversely, Jay Gatsby, from F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, tries to win back the heart of Daisy Buchanan through his obsessive attempts to repeat the past. In each work, the antheral lead resorts to monetary extremes to capture the attention of his female counterpart under the false notion that love can be purchased. While the son hopes that a gift will win the affection of his friends sister, Gatsby desperately strives to woo Daisy with his bootlegging spoils. Some are able to escape the influence society exerts, while others remain fixated on emptiness. Each author manipulates color and shade to epitomize the material ism of adulthood and the confusion of love of wealth with genuine love. The protagonist of Araby fantasizes about growing up enough to attain the love of his friends sister.Because the young son believes he is in love, he elevates himself above his peers. He isolates himself in his dark attic and watches his companions playing below in the street, their cries weakened and indistinct (Joyce 24). Although he tries to ignore them, the voices of his childhood freedom still reach the son no matter how much he tries to separate himself. The male child discounts some distant lamp or lighted window gleaming below on his peers, abandoning the light of childhood while he exercises a feeling of superiority (Joyce 23). By distancing himself from his coequals, he embarks on a vainglorious quest to prematurely reach adulthood, thereby step-d throw the value of childhood innocence. His quest, however, succeeds only in pressing him further into the darkness of adult ideals. Adults face greater challenges and have more responsibility than children do it is easier for them to discontinue their morals than to leave materialistic values behind. Because they ignore their values, adults are of a far lesser innocence than the children they are meant to teach and thus exert a negative influence on their unknowing pupils.The boy learns from his borders that purchasing love is the only acceptable path to attaining happiness and growth. Mangans sister turns the funds bracelet round and round her wrist, drawing the boy into the superficiality of adulthood (Joyce 24). However, because he sees the girl as defined by light, he mistakenly confuses the ideas of wealth and happiness (Joyce 22). The combination of materialism and happiness makes it difficult to determine the meaning of either. Rather than developing a relationship based on mutual interest, the boy tries to buy the girls love. When he is unable to purchase a gift for her, he finds himself in a completely dark environment (Joyce 26). The boy immediately epiphanizes that he is a creature driven and derided by vanity, signifying that light can emerge out of darkness (Joyce 26).His cognizance no longer allows surrounding influences of materialism to grip him he realizes love is not a commodity. Mistakes are necessary for moral growth, therefore the young boy needed to suffer vanity and the consequences of his own greed to realize that wealth alone cannot fulfill happiness. His challenges become the outlet through which he ascertains the shallowness of the adult world, ultimately subjugating his influences. By vanquishing them, the boy discerns the genuine love depicted by light. Fitzgerald juxtaposes the obsessively nostalgic Jay Gatsby with Joyces young boy who hastily looks forward to adulthood. Despite Gatsbys seniority, he and the boy both believe they can purchase their beloveds affection. Gatsby views wealth as the equivalent of self-worth his doomed sense of hope justifies his illusion. He optim istically watches the green light at the end of the Buchanans dock, minute and far away, with his arms stretched out toward the dark piss (Fitzgerald 26).Gatsby reaches for Daisy with profound determination, but bases his resolve on the crooked belief that his hoity-toity home and expensive clothes will win her love. His materialistic concerns create an impassable gap, placing true love out of reach. Lights on the other side of the water appear greener and grander, causing Gatsby to ignorantly believe that is where happiness originates. The intrinsic confusion of wealth and happiness deprives Gatsby of a in truth fulfilled life. Thinking his new impressiveness will please Daisy, Gatsby draws her attention to his new Rolls Royce. However, the association of Gatsbys yellow car with restlessnesswith powerand finally with death (Parkinson 41) foreshadows destruction. Even after Daisy by luck kills Myrtle Wilson with the yellow car, Gatsby still fails to see the uncontrollable danger s of greed . wealth only consumes those who attain it, spitting failure into their faces when it ceases to satiate their avarice.Gatsbys picturesque opulence deteriorates to frustration because money cannot make him happy. Rather than accepting this conclusion, he dons an elegant wardrobe which echoes Daisys attributes of white, gold, and silver (Parkinson 47). Gatsby believes his white flannel suitand gold dark necktie will attract Daisy under the guise of suave elegance (Fitzgerald 89). The double entendre, however, is that the gold necktie resting around his throat parallels wealths holy terror to choke off his credibility, sanity, and ultimately, life-force. Although Gatsby actively perpetuates his superficial ambition, Daisy simply allows life to unfold around her. Fitzgerald parallels Daisys floral namesake with her white exterior and tainted yellow interior. Wealth rots her to her core, though she maintains a pretense of purity, always dressed in white (Fitzgerald 127). Da isy enjoys her trivial existence only because she has the means to do so.Without wealth to distract her from her purposeless life, she would feel empty and worthless. Contentment based solely on the availability of money inevitably crumbles and fades away, landing in the colorless, desolate Valley of Ashes. With an ever-looming presence, the sign of indemnify T. J. Eckleberg looks over this valley of lost dreams through faded yellow glasses. No matter how willful the dreamer, visionaries with greedy ambitions must endure cruel judgment.These individuals poison their own lives and become soulless shells, unable to muster the same determination again. The green light he strives for becomes distant and unattainable even though Gatsby never truly gives up on winning back Daisy (Parkinson 46). The spoils of his wealth decay to worthlessness and loneliness in failing to realize his mistakes, he leaves behind a sparsely attended funeral and an unprincipled legacy. Despite all that he fou ght for, Gatsby forsakes true happiness for the false love he derives from exploiting wealth.

Explain the Importance of the Outsider in the Novel ‘of Mice and Men’

Explain the importance of the outsider in the novel Of Mice and Men An outsider is someone who is not accepted or is isolated from society. Of Mice and Men is set in the 1930s, where society considered many flock as outsiders. During this period, many plurality were racist, sexist and prejudice towards disabled people. This is shown with several characters in the novel including Crooks, Curlys wife and Candy who are all considered as outsiders in this novel, since they each had something that the society at that time were prejudice towards. In the 1930s pitch blackness people were highly discriminated against.This was mainly because many black people started to migrate form the south to the north in order to work forcetion employment. Many blacks stared to establish their own neighbourhoods, businesses and restaurants. All this activity ca utilise competition to grow with the whites already living in these areas and many white people werent used to black people living in their co mmunity and this caused a lot of tension between whites and blacks. Furthermore, because of the Great Depression many people lost their jobs and had to sire new jobs, and the blacks who had migrated up north, started to take available jobs.The white people living in the north became angry that the blacks were taking over their positions. The character Crooks from the novel, is an hoar black man with a crooked back. He is probably the most discriminated against since he is black and disabled, which means he cant do as lots work as the separate. He works as a stable buck at the ranch, but although he has a job, we can assume that he gets the lowest wage on the ranch because he is black. This is shown in the novel since he doesnt have a proper bed instead he has a long box filled with straw, on which blankets were flung. This is probably because of his low sociable status and therefore doesnt get the same as the other workers on the farm, which includes a proper bed. Furthermore he is separated form the other workers, since he lives in in the harness room a light shed that leaned off the wall of the barn alternatively than in the workers room, like the rest of the workers. Crooks himself shows this when he says I aint wanted in the putrefaction house Cause Im black. Again, this is probably because of his low social status, and because of this he is excluded from the rest of he workers.We are shown just how low his social status is when we find he must share his medicine with the animals, a range of medicine bottles, both for himself and for the horses. This shows us because of his skin colour, he has to use what is available, rather than having his own possessions, and that he is almost equal to an animal, in the eyes of the society. Crooks often acts like he doesnt want anyone in his space, for example when Lennie enters his room he says, Youve got no right coming in my room. This heres my room. He acts like this because he feels that if he isnt aloud in the white peoples houses, they shouldnt be aloud in his.However his desire for caller ultimately wins out when he invites Lennie in his room. Also when Candy comes into his room, Steinbeck tells us It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger. This shows us that although Crooks wants to act like he doesnt want people coming into his room, he actually is happy when people talk to him, since he is an outsider and doesnt have any company. Another character who is considered an outsider in the novel is Candys wife. In the novel, she is neer given a name and this is probably since she has no importance in society.During Steinbecks time, women were not held in high regard, but were just present to overhaul men. Curlys wife is neglected by Curly and because of this she is always seeking attention. This is shown by the way she dresses with Red mules and Bouquets of red ostrich feathers. She is heavily make up and has rouged lips and her fingernails were red. Steinbeck uses this imagery to portray her as provocative, since red was a very provocative colour in this period. She dresses like this since she knows her beauty is her unaccompanied power in this society and is they only way to get attention, which she doesnt get form Curly.However, by trying to get the attention of other men, she stairs outside her role as a married women, and this is probably why she is often called a tramp or a tart. Straight off George senses that she is trouble and says You keep away from her, cause shes a rattrap if I ever seen one. George knows that Curly would be very angry if he caught one of the men flirting back with her, but not because he is jealous but because he sees his wife as his property, rather than a person, and this is probably another reason why she is named as Curlys wife.Just like Crooks, since she is an outsider, Curlys wife is looking for constantly looking for company and the perfect opportunity to talk to someone is when goes Curly is out w ith the workers. All who are left are the weak ones-herself, Candy, Crooks and Lennie. She even says it herself- Standin here talkin to a clunk of bindle stiffs-a nigger an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep-an likin it because they aint null else. However, she is so desperate for companionship that she talks to them anyway.She is breathing strongly, as though she had been zip again this shows us just how desperate and lonely she is as an outsider. In addition, Candy is another character who can be considered as an outsider. He is an superannuated man, left with only one hand as the result of an accident at work. Because of his handicap he cannot do the labour that the others do, and so has a demean job as a swamper- the man who cleans out the bunk house. We know he is mature, since when Steinbeck first introduces him, he describes him with lots of words that show him to be senior and weak, such as old man and stoop shouldered.He often uses lots of anecdotes which show that he r emises on the past, like many old people do and that he has been on the ranch a long time. Also, he often repeats himself, which shows that his memory is deteriorating and he is ageing. Candy knows that he is getting weaker, and that soon his boss will soon declare him as useless and he will doze off his job- Theyll can be pretty soon. Jus as soon as I cant swamp out no more bunk houses theyll put me on the county. Because he cant afford to lose his job he doesnt challenge anything.When they shoot his dog, since its too old, he feels even lonelier since his dog was his only real friend. Also it reminds him that when he becomes old, he will no longer be needed. Candy even says to George, you seen what they done to my dog tonight? They says he wasnt no good to himself or nobody else. When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me to. He says this because without a job he will have nowhere to go since because of his age, disability and the Depression he cant get another job.Candy is excluded from the workers social life by his age, his disability and his demeaning job, but also by his own choice-I didnt go in there. I aint got no poop no more. He knows he is too old to socialize and this makes him an outsider since he cant do what the other workers do since he is too old. In conclusion, I think Steinbeck uses outsiders, such as Candy, Crooks and Curlys wife, to try to show the discrimination against gender, race, age and disability in 1930s society and how it affected the lifes of outsiders of 1930s society.

Lab Results Fermenter

I. OBJECTIVES To determine the amount of anti-microbial peptide production by Staphylococcus warneri under various conditions when 2L and 10L Fermented. To Test the effects of one un mark offled parameters sush as pH, Temperature or dissolved Oxygen and compare findings. To produce anti-microbial operation from Staphylococcus warneri. II. INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus warneri is a member of bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive bacteria with spherical cells visual aspect in clusters. Colonies of S. warneri are usually tan, yellow and about 2-4mm in diameter after 48 hours incubation at 35C.It is commonly found as part of the skin flora on humans and animals. S. warneri rarely causes disease, but may occasionally cause infection in patients whose immune system is compromised. S. warneri is cognise to produce antimicrobial peptide activity in the form of Nisin. The optimum conditions for this to occur are pH 7. Nisin is a polycylic antibacterial peptide with 34 a mino acid residues utilize as a food preservative. It is produced by bacterium and which contains antimicrobial activity and which is known as a bacteriocin. Nisin has been found to have properties that can control despoliation caused by lactic acid bacteria.It is used in processed cheese, meats, beverages, etc. during production to extend shelf life by suppresing Gram-positive spoilage and infective bacteria. In food it is common to use Nisin at aims depending on the food type regulatory approval. Nisin cannot be produced chemically therefore it has to be synthesised using ferment. During fermentation various stages of sireth occur and as a result different conditions can occur during this fermentation process, eg pH, most organisms produce acid as they grow and therefore in the Lag phase ( a period of adptation for the cells to their new environment, new enzymes are ynthesized) and in the lag phase can produce alkalic substances and therefore pH plays an important role in ef ficient fermentation. As acid is produced alkaline substance needs to be added to the process to maintain the optimum pH of 7 and likewise in the lag phase when alkaline substances are produced, acidic substance needs to be added to maintain the pH, temperature, and oxygen. III. MATERIALS AND METHODSAs per manual. IV. RESULTS mesa 1. 1 History Plot vessel 1 2L NO Temperature control TABLE 1. 2 History Plot vessel 2 2L NO ambiance Flow TABLE 1. History Plot Vessel 3 2L NO pH control TABLE 1. 4 History Plot Vessel 4 2L Optimum conditions TABLE 1. 5 History Plot Vessel 5 10L Optimum conditions TABLE 1. 6 Fermentation conditions for each Vessels 1 5 arguing Vessel Number Vessel 1 Vessel 2 Vessel 3 Vessel 4 Vessel 5 (10L) pH 7 7 No control 7 7 Agitation Speed (RPM) 150 150 150 150 150 Temp oC No Control 37 37 37 37 Airflow (L/min) 2 No air flow 2 2 2 TABLE 1. 7 Results for antimicrobial peptide activity in 2 L or 10 L fermenters Time (post inoculation) Vessel 1 Vessel 2 Vessel 3 Vessel 4 Vessel 5 300 (4. 5 hours) No activity No activity Neat Neat Neat 12 1400 (5. 5 hours) No activity Neat 12 Neat 12 Neat 12 No results 1500 (6. 5 hours) No activity Neat 12 Neat Neat 12 Neat 12 1418 1600 (7. 5 hours) No activity Neat Neat1214 Neat 12 Neat 12 1418 900 (24. 5 hours) No activity Neat Neat1214 Neat121418 Neat 12 1418 V. backchat In this practical, Fermentation is used to scale testing in laboratory. The fermenters in the Laboratory are based on a batch system, with feeds to control the pH and Oxygen levels and Temperature.All parameters are controlled using sensor probes in the vessels connected to a data logging software system. The vessels 4 and 5 are controls where the optimum environmental growth parameters for the strain are kept. To determine the results obtained in each vessels are as follows Vessel 1 No antimicrobial peptide activity seen at any of the time intervals. This indicates that when temperature is not controlled the temperature can increase significantly. As shows in TABLE 1. 1 History Plot Vessel 1 2L NO Temperature control. Vessel 2 No antimicrobial activity seen at 1300.However antimicrobial activity seen in both neat and 12 have at 1400 and 1500. Antimicrobial activity seen in neat sample at 1600 and 0900. When air flow is not controlled the reduced air content reduces the put of fermentation, As Oxygen is required for cell growth and when air is in reduced quantity this slows down rate of cell reproduction as shows in TABLE 1. 2 History Plot Vessel 2 2L NO Air Flow. Vessel 3 Antimicrobial activity seen in neat sample at all time intervals. Antimicrobial activity seen in 12 sample at 1400, 1600 and 0900.Activity seen in 14 for the first time at 1600 and 0900. There is greater anti-microbial peptide activity with temperature and air controls which shows that the pH does not have significant effects as the another(prenominal) two parameters. The fermentation was not affected to the same extent by pH as shown in TABLE 1. 3 History Plot Vessel 3 2L NO pH control. Vessel 4 Antimicrobial activity seen in neat sample at all time intervals. Activity seen in 12 sample at 1400, 1500, 1600 and 0900. For the first time see antimicrobial activity in 18 sample at 0900.This shows the three uncontrolled vessels has greater anti-microbial peptide, where in fermentation took place on its fastest rate as all conditions are retained at most favourable for the organism to grow and reproduced as shown in TABLE 1. 4 History Plot Vessel 4 2L Optimum conditions. Vessel 5 (In error no result recorded for 1400 time interval) Antimicrobial activity seen in neat and 12 sample at all time intervals. Activity seen in 14 and 18 (for the first time) at 1500, 1600 and 0900. The effects produce the highest level of anti-microbial peptide activity of all the system.The organism has greater supply of oxygen and nutrients and temperature and pH has a lesser effect due to the larger volume as shown in TABLE 1. 5 History P lot Vessel 5 10L Optimum conditions. VI. CONCLUSIONS In this practical the results was successfully determined that Temperature is the most important parameter to control in relation to microbial growth. Therefore, if temperature was not controlled, NO amount of anti-microbial peptide activity produced by Staphylococcus warneri. While in Oxygen level and pH level if NOT controlled S. warneri will still grow and produced the anti-microbial peptide.

Ethical Considerations Associated

Ethical Considerations Associated with Plea Bargaining Plea bargaining occurs when both sides in a upshot compromise to settle the matter before having a Judge or Jury decide. More often than not, the defendant pleads guilty to a crime that carries a less harsh sentence than the actual accused offense. The ethical dilemma is one of convenience over Justice. This approach, however, might cause ethical dilemmas, such as inequality in the Justice system. The courts are clogged, prosecutors are overworked, and there is the constitutional demand for Speedy Trial. On one hand you have the courts doing their best to handle logjams, and on the other the need to provide Justice. Plea bargaining is done for several reasons such as, the chances of a lengthy trial or the lack of concrete evidence. Courts frequently bargain away ways that are just in order to get a guilty verdict on a lesser charge because they want the case to go away, or they dont want to take the risk in a trial because the y doubt the conclusiveness of their evidence.Plea Bargains often cut protrude many court costs and help the legal system move cases along more quickly. This many lead to guilty individuals going free, receiving a fine, probation or a drastically reduced prison sentence for committing a heinous crime. Parties that work on a bargain agreement usually get a lesser sentence than a person who attempts to contest charges through a proper trial. Moreover, Justice can be harmed when the guilty are not decently punished, and this can have a corrosive effect on popular belief in the fairness of the ystem.Whether an ethical dilemma exists with plea bargaining depends on how a person views the ultimate goal of the court system. Those who think the Judicial system should deter crime and work efficiently, see plea bargains as a useful tool. However, those who prize equality see them as ethically dubious. Supporters of plea bargaining may admit to some deficiencies in the court system, however, the often sightly unanswerable question remains whats the alternative?

Marketing Mix of Nesquik Essay

I choose the product Nestle Nesquik because I am constantly buying Nestle Nesquik gunpowdered milk drink. I repel the chocolate and the strawberry flavors. My son will not drink milk at all, exactly if I typeset the strawberry or chocolate powder in it, he drinks it all day long. Marketing mix is the four ps. The four Ps are product, price, place, and promotion. Product can be set forth as any kind of service or good created by a company. It also includes the guarantees, branding, creation, packaging, and design of a product (Editorial Board, 2012).Pricing can be defined by how much money people will pay for the product. It is also ab disclose the discounts that are for the product. Place is how the product is transported and stored and how it is distributed, so that it can sacrifice it to the buyers hands. Promotion has to deal with how the company gets their product exposed to the people. They use media, sales and commercial advertising (Editorial Board, 2012). Nestle Nesquik product is powder flavoring that you add to milk to make it strawberry, or chocolate milk. Its brand logo is a Nestle Nesquik bunny.They created it so that kids will drink milk and it will be healthier than the otherwise syrups out there. It is packaged in an oval shaped yellow container. It has the Nestle Nesquik bunny on it and has Nestle Nesquik written on it. They guarantee that it has 25% slight sugar then the leading brand and that it has no artificial sweeteners. Nestle Nesquik isnt just good tasting and good for my son, it also is cheap in price. It is only $4. 98 for a 21. 8 oz. container. They also feel coupons that you can use that if you buy two Nestle Nesquik products you get a dollar off.I know other moms who get this product because its the only way they get their child to drink milk and its so inexpensive. Nestle Nesquik never changes their price, and its because they dont need to, because so many people buy it. Nestle Nesquik has their products at Wal-Mart becau se that is where so many people do their foodstuff shopping at so it is the perfect place to have it at. You can also order it online too and because it is a powder it doesnt go noisome when its getting mailed to you.Nestle Nesquik has a commercial where a mom is talking to you telling you how its important for kids to drink milk but she just cant get her kid to drink it. Then another mom comes in and shows her Nestle Nesquik chocolate powder mix, and scans I put Nestle Nesquik in my kids drink and she drinks it nonstop Then the other mom says wow thats great thanks Nestle Nesquik Then before its over its shows a bunch of kids with chocolate milk saying I love milk now thanks to Nesquik They also advertise on their container the Disney resume Phineas and Ferb.It says wheres the bunny? It says the Nesquik bunny is missing and you have to be a hero like Agent P and find the bunny. Doing this gets kids to see it, especially because it is on the bottom shelf, and they beg their parent s for the Agent P stuff. Each of the four ps, price, product, place, and promotion, are very important when marketing Nestle Nesquik because you have to figure out your price that people will pay because if its too much no one will buy it and if its too low you wont make any profits. You have to figure out the place that is the best to have it so that people will buy it when they shop.If you put it at, say a gas station, then people probably wont buy it. If you put it at Wal-Mart though then it will get bought. When it comes to promotion, you have to do something that will grab their attention. Doing commercials get the parents to see the product, and then they get it to try it for their kids. Doing the Phineas and Ferb advertising gets the kids to see it and then they want it so the parents get it for their kids. As for the product part of the four Ps, it is important because you have to have a product in order to sell a product.

Footfall Management

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project title foot fall in mall has been accomplished by Mr. Niraj kumar, Mr. Sushil kumar, Mr. Nagender kumar, Ms Rajni, Ms. Neha Arora under my guidance and supervision. They have submitted in the partial fulfillment of requirement of PGDM from This DELHI SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH, DELHI work as not been submitted anywhere else for the pillage of degree. All source of information have been dully mentioned. (Ms. Noopur Aggarwal) SUPERVISIOR DELHI SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH, DELHI -1 nose candy85 CONTENTSChapter-1 Meaning Of Footfall ? Meaning of footstep ? Objectives of subscribe ? Limitation to study Chapter-2 Techniques to measure whole step ? Camera traffing monitioring ? Electronic footfall monitioring ? Automated number ? Manual counting Chapter -3 An Glimpseof Shoppers Stop ? grounding of shoppers surrender ? Features of shoppers give the sack(rajouri) ? body structure of mall ? position syste m ? Visitiors information Chapter-4 research Methodology ? Type of research ? Research approach ? Sampling design ? Collection of data Chapter-5 Finding And Conclusions Opinions Questionnaire ReferencesChapter-1 stair Defination-Objective Of Study,Limitation to Study Meaning of footfall Footfall, is a measure of the number of masses entering a shop or other public space. The number of peck argon visiting a shop or mall in a day,that much will be understood the footfall for that day. If 15000 people are visiting a mall in one week, it means footfall for the week is 15000 for the week. footfall is an important indicator of how successfully a companys marketing,brand and format are bring people into its shop. In europeon culture footfall is chousen as padestrian counting.OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH ON FOOTFALL ? To know the sizeableness of footfall measurement in modern scenario This research study will help to throw light on importance of footfall measurement. To know the causes, mem orial tablets interest in knowing the footfall ? To know the impact on marketing initiatives Footfall affect the a marketing head to fall whatever new events should be organized or not. The moment of footfall effect a manager to what extent ? To know how we can understand guest appearance pattern Footfall is really a measureable scale in understanding the behavior of node.This study will tell us. ? To know how footfall effect on decision of heads of mall Limitations to study No leave is provided to visit the mall. All the data collection, survey are done during our study. Without having Identity cards it was rattling difficult to contact with any superior authority Manager were not ready to tell about the security aids and system. They feared their ideas will be copied by other competitor. ADVANTAGES OF MEASURING FOOTFALL FOR A MALL ? Provide an indication of customer behaviour patterns ? Assess the impact of marketing initiatives Tailor staff levels check to customer de mand, rather than to service supply. ? Empower businesses to better target their marketing efforts ? To check the efficiency of staff Chapter-2 Techniques to measure footfall 1. CAMERA TRAFFING MONITORING The cameras do the traffic monitoring themselves it isnt a dubiousness of simply recording video footage and manual operators counting the numbers of people The cameras are able to count people by making comparisons between a discreet image that changes rapidly over time, and the stationary background.The camera technology is state-of-the-art, with ongoing research investigating slip counselling of programming the cameras to take the analysis a level further and distinguish between adults and children, and even make confident distinctions between people and supermarket trolleys. 2. Electronic footfall monitoring Advances in electronics have added sophisticated footfall monitoring to retailers information weaponry. Many retailers are reported to be experimenting with this new tech nology, but limited discourse exists in the public domain on its potential role or retailer experiences. 3. Automated CountingAutomated counting is done through some censurey aids invented by advance technology. pic pic Many types of automated counting ? Hydro acoustic tubes ? Pneumatic tubes ? Inductive loops ? Acoustic slab sensors ? Passive infrared censors ? Active infrared censors 4. counting manually a person enters in a mall he finds a durwan/guard at standing at gate, he not only if greets him but he will be counting the no. of person entering in mall by a fistful size instrument. Chapter-3 Introduction of Shoppers stop ltd. pic Eros Mall, Plot No. 10, Shivaji Palace, District Center, Raja Garden, Rajouri New Delhi, Delhi 110027Phone 011 4505 5400 / 25444101 INTRODUCTION OF SHOPPERS STOP Shoppers stop has been a pioneer in the departmental store format since its beginning in 1991. Shoppers stop is launched as a mens ready-to-wear garment store in Andheri, Mumbai. shopper s stop is the part of K. Raheja corp. its CEO is Govind Shrikhande and managing director is B. S. Nagesh. it has large chain of 28 departmental store around country. shoppers sop rajouri is the 25th store of chain. Shoppers stop are the first global style retailer in India with a wide range of merchandise. Exclusive Shop counters of international brands and world class customer service.In our Endeavour to retain our positioning as a global retailer we sought to bring the best retail technology, retail practices and gross gross revenue to india. Features of shoppers stop (Rajouri). ? Shoppers stop rajouri is the biggest departmental stores of india. ? It has 1. 35 lakh sq ft retail area ? It Houses an overwhelming range of premium international and national brands. ? It is a four narration mall ? World class ambiance and cleanness ? Great services to customers through customer service desk or first citizen desk ? Water dispenser were available on any floor ? Four fire exits ? Two w ashrooms at every floor Sitting arrangement and journals, newspaper are kept beside sofas ? Gift wrapping and alteration. Structure Of Mall ? Ground floor division cite JEWELERY OR SUNGLASS ? Javeri pearls, damas, haute curry, fastrack DEPARTMENT NAME COSMETIC ? Ponds, lakme, lorell, clearance Brio Leathers ? FIRST FLOOR DEPARTMENT NAME LADIES ETHENIC Kashish, Kashish gold, Biba, satyapaul, ritu wear, W, Diy, DEPARTMENT NAME LINGERIE Lovable,bwitch, Department name Mens formal Austin reed,blackberry Provoke,wills lifestyle,van hussen,gaps,color plus,satyapaul,arrow,Louis phillip,tommy Hilfiger,FCUKDEPARTMENT NAME Kids Mothercare,pumpkin patch,united colour of Benetton, giny jony, ruff,zapp,Lilliput,Barbie,toys DEPARTMENT NAME Ladies Hesperian Wills lifestyle,noi,zipsy,ven hussen, Indian terren, Austin reed,blackberry,remanika DEPARTMENT NAME Mens casual Spyker,I jeans, levi, pepe,calvin clein,esprit,united color of Benetton, push and shove 3rd Floor DEPARTMENT NAME Home section Masphar,portico DEPARTMENT NAME Sports wear Mysha,royal sporting house, adidas, nike, reepok,puma, Luggage section 4TH FLOOR Desi cafe, food factory, moti mahal, PARKING SYSTEMDouble storey basement parking is the modified(a) attribute of shoppers stop. 200 cars can parked easily in parking. direct lift service from parking to main floors. free parking for first citizen of shoppers stop. two- way enterance and exit, valley parking is also available here VISITORS INFORMATION Shoppers stop(rajouri) is situated in heart of city at rajaouri Garden in Eros mall in delhi beside the ring road. a visitor can reach to place by bus and metro. Rajouri metro station is attire of shopper stop. It is 22 k. m from international airport and 18 k. m. from domestic airport.This place has many competetant in area like Westside,tdi mall,citisqure mall,west gate,paragon mall . TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE FOOTFALL AT terminus Store is using the manual counting system to count the footfall . When person enters in the mall the guard at the gate he presses the button of handful machine in his hand. This help to store manager to know the footfall in the store through this data. Floor foot fall is also thrifty in the same way,to know the floor footfall measurement. The guards standing over there they feed the no. Of persons visiting on the floor in machine. Chapter-4 Research Methodology Types of researchAnalytical research- during all the study, by the available information researcher tries to find out effects on human behavior during any special occasions. Conceptual research- study reveals the idea that durig Sales period or festive seasons or any special event has change magnitude the footfall up to 100% . so, a retailer should be ready with innovative ideas to attract customer. Research Approaches Quantitative approach- during study selected executive and managers were contacted to know their view on footfall measurement. By the data cikkectuib study, it infers the rrelation between population and their behavior.Sampling design Systematic sampling - in study, people were selected randomly and asked question and their views Collection of data Primary data- Many Sr. managers and dept. managers are contacted through questionnaire and their views are included in study. Secondary data- books, journals and internet gave ample way to solve the problem. Collection of data through questionnaires- the questionnaire was made according the problems which arise during the study. What is the impact of footfall on decision making, how is it important to decide future plans of organizations.The head executive and sales executive were asked to fill this questionnaire. Chapter-5 FINDING AND CONCLUSIONS Finding After completing the research it is found that in festive seasons or sales time mall are getting the increased no. of customer in their outlets or malls. Footfall helps a organization to decide that how many employee should be continued in the oultlet on some day. footfall shows the efficiency of a sales executive comes out by the help of footfall. Conclusions- It is really very utile tool to know the firm about their state and way of progress OpinionsThe best department manager in chain of shoppers stop awarded Miss Anuradha Sharma tells that during sales period the footfall increases upto 100 % and various activities in store attracts 20% extra customer to their shop. She tells the manual technique of footfall is used in measurement of footfall in the store. She also agrees that the facts of footfall are great helpful to better target their market efforts. Department manager of home section in shoppers stop rajouri Mr. chander verma, sayssales period are obiviously increasing the no. customer in double fold.Last festive season their department has achived to a greater extent than 50%. He confirmed that manual technique of footfall is used in footfall. His opinion about footfall, he thinksthese really help us to forecast the n o. of visiotor to our shop. Sales executive of w brand in city square mall Mr. Rajesh tells he finds the no. of visitors to their outlet goes up by 100% during sales. he also agrees that festive season they get a good business and their sales increases upto 50% Delhi school of professional studies and research INSTITUTIONAL field of view ,ROHINI SECT-25 DELHI-110085 Name _____________________________________________Post _______________________________________________ Name of organization__________________________________ What is the % increase in number of customer during sales period. A. 10 -25 B. 25-50 C. 50-75 D. 75-100 Increase in number of customer during any special events A. Doesnt affect B. Upto 20% C. 30-50% D. 50-100% E. More than 100% Which technique is used to measure footfall in you mall? A. CAMERA TRAFFING MONITORING B. Electronic footfall monitoring C. Automated Counting D. counting manually does footfall helps to better target their market efforts A. yes B. no signa ture

Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability

Exercise 1 Cell TransportMechanisms and Permeability action at law 1 Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 75% by answering 3 out of 4 questions correctly.1. The driving force for diffusion is Your answer c. the tissue layer transport protein.Correct answer b. the kinetic susceptibility of the molecules in motion.2. In diffusion, molecules moveYou correctly answered a. from high concentration to low concentration.3. Which of the following dialysis membranes has the largest pore sizing? You correctly answered d. 200 MWCO4. Avogadros number is a constant for the number ofYou correctly answered b. molecules.Experiment Results Predict chief PredictQuestion 1 The molecular saddle of urea is 60.7. Do you think urea pull up stakes diffuse finished the 20 MWCO membrane? Your answer a. Yes, but very slowly. PredictQuestion 2 Recall that glucose is a monosaccharide, egg white is a protein with 607 amino acids, and the average molecular fish of a superstar amino acid is 135 g/mole. Which of the following will be able to diffuse finished the 200 MWCO membrane? Your answer b. oth glucose and albuminStop & ThinkQuestions The reason sodium chloride didnt diffuse left to right is thatYou correctly answered c. the membrane pore size was too small. Glucose is a six-carbon sugar. Albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids. The average molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole. There is no reason to kick the bucket these solutes at the 20 MWCO becauseYour answer b. glucose is a protein and therefore too large to pass. Correct answer d. glucose and albumin are both too large to pass.The commit of diffusion for ureaYour answer c. s blistering than that for sodium because urea is a smaller molecule.Correct answer b. is slower than that for sodium because urea is a larger molecule.Post-lab Quiz ResultsYou have not completed the Post-lab Quiz.Review Sheet ResultsDescribe two variables that affect the rate of diffu sion. Your answer the solute and the MWCOWhy do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer I was wrong. The urea was too large to diffuse through the 20 MWCODescribe the results of the attempts to diffuse glucose and albumin through the 200 MWCO membrane. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer I was wrong here as well. Only the glucose was able to diffuse.Put the following in order from smallest to largest molecular weight glucose, sodium chloride, albumin, and urea. Your answer sodium chloride, urea, glucose and albumin.

A Paper On Customer Satisfaction

selling Is an organizational function and a set of carry throughes for creating, communicating and delivering determines to clients and for managing node relationships In ways that upbeat the organization and its s micturateholders. These values are link to an economic dimension and the psychological dimension of the said merchandising definition. The same dimensions speak well-nigh perceived price through transaction values and cognitive and affective influences on label choice and affective influences.This definition of marketing leads to the importance and critical roles of nodes perception of somatic Images and reputation leading to node cheer as an Intermediary to guest consignment. This Is done In relevancy with the belief and fact that customers are the primary assets of a market and not the produce itself. With customers being snug, or if customers show a high level of happiness in that respectfore only batch the market for the situation(prenominal) in tersection grow. This in turn can lead to customer loyalty and loyalty intention. What is customer merriment?Customer Satisfaction Is said to be able to Increase result gross sales and bring intimately fulfillment response. It is a Judgment that a increase or serve well feature, or the reduce itself, provided or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment including levels of under or over-fulfillment. It is the horizontal surface of experience that a customer receives from a good or service provided by a market. Thus Customer Satisfaction is the measure of this degree of experience or pleasure of customers measured by the number of repeated customers who repeatedly pulmonary tuberculosis the goods or service.It is also seen that customer satisfaction leads to the customers being loyal to the product or service so in pay back be loyal to the particular brand of the product. It can also be used as a measure of loyalty intention. Oliver(1997) defined customers loyalty as a deep held commitment to rebury or re-patronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, thereby make repetitive same brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts that commence the say-so to consume switching behavior. Loyalty then is the intent or the customers behavior to rebury the same product or service from a particular source (thus linking to a brand) be rush of the satisfaction that he or she achieved from utilise the product/service repeatedly. Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? Talking about customer satisfaction, one must understand why customer satisfaction is weighty. In asking that question the following reasons come up based on research. The master(prenominal) point is because customer satisfaction as a measure of loyalty intention and customer retention is a leading indicator and a point contrastiveiator.Studying customer satisfaction or performing customer satisfaction surveys yields a better understanding of customer lifetime value and reduces customer churn. In saying so, keeping and making old customers live up to is a lot cheaper than acquiring new ones. Making customers happy reduces negative cry of intercommunicate for the product or service and thus doesnt affect the product or service negatively. On the other hand, with at rest and happy customers word of mouth would enable an acquisition of m each more other customers who can then be transformed to satisfied customers and then into in all satisfied customers.Retaining customers who are satisfied isnt much of a problem, it is those customers who often have problems with the products or go offered that inescapably to be looked into. Suppose if a satisfaction survey is carried out on a particular product, and the result gives a list if any customers who are not satisfied with the product or who gives a low rating for the product then one must look into how and why they are insatiab le with the product. One can keep a watch list on these customers and follow up with different queries so as to determine why they are not satisfied.In pick outing this, the brand can know the actual number of people who have intent of repurchase and of those who are actually loyal to the brand. The main difference between competitors in a market is their ability to retain and satisfy those customers who continue to be with them. Bringing customer satisfaction as a main strategy or a snapper point of action for a brand can be a detrimental factor out for 2 or more competitors offering the same service or product. Take for example contention A and Competitor B both offering harvesting X.A customer C would go for either of the competitors Product X if C would have received feedback from another customer (say D) if D would have given a positive feedback to given a positive word of mouth feedback to C of the Product X from Competitor A if the competitor A had offered or given a hi gh level of satisfaction to the customer D. Thus the main differentiating factor for C for choosing product X from A and B would highly attend on the recommendation from D. This is what is meant by acquiring new customers and retaining old ones based on customer satisfaction.Studies have shown that totally satisfied customers are more loyal to a brand than Just satisfied customers. The Customer lifetime Value (CLC) which can yield profit from a customer based on prognostication of spending of the customer on a particular product or service is different for totally and Just satisfied customers. Just satisfied customers can and eight defect to other products or operate and have a lower CLC. This is because with just satisfied customers, chances of new products from competitors who offer better services and benefits susceptibility make them stir up from their regular brand and products.This can be attributed to the effect of the new product attributes that wooed them to wobble o r because of the omit of retention capability of the current brand. In the case of totally satisfied customers however, a new product or service with better offers and benefits than the current brand isnt enough to deter them to take a push. This might be due to the high loyalty they have towards their current brand because of their high levels of satisfaction they achieved from using the product or service or because of the brands capability to retain them by incorporating customer satisfaction strategies in their business plans.Thus we can see that Just satisfied customers are willing to shift to other products more readily than totally satisfied customers. Markets should be able to distinguish between these cardinal and formulate strategies to convert Just satisfied to totally satisfied customers which can raise the Customer Lifetime Value and thus increase profit. Consistency as a Customer Satisfaction Tool For a brand to be able to retain customers and to make them satisfied and happy, consistency is one of the major routes in achieving total customer satisfaction.The consistency that the paper talks about is the consistent satisfaction of a customer and its measure of relation to the overall sum of customer satisfaction over a period of time. This is in contrast to the measure of a five point scale satisfaction survey of individual customers. In measuring this satisfaction consistency, we measure the attestation levels of an individual customer for a particular product or service provided by a certain brand over their continued use and repurchase of the product or brand. This gives us a better understanding of the customers response to the product or service though out the customer lifetime value.With increasing use of the product the customer can either be satisfied, totally satisfied or be frustrated with the product. This study based on consistency can then be translated into strategies or plans to enable the brand to retain the dissatisfied custom er, convert the Just testified and rectify the totally satisfied customer. Throughout the customers lifetime with the product the brands consistent work to provide them with excellent and unforced service and a consistent support mechanism can ensure maximum customer satisfaction. barely not all brands can offer and deliver the same.Having a positive customer-experience emotions- encompassed in a touching of sureness-were the biggest drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in a majority of industries. Consistency with customers in relationships, services and relations is important to forge trust brands customer pool. A companys brand is driven by more than the combination of promises make and kept. It is also critical to ensure customers recognize the economy of those promises. This requires communicating and key messages that consistently highlight delivery and themes.In this case customers perceptions and views of the brand are reinforced. This in turn generates goodwill in the minds of the customers thus leading into a satisfaction level though the communication of these fulfilling promises and on time market communications to reinforce experiences. kinship between Price and Satisfaction Say a customer A was traveling and had to stop to keep on for a night. The hotel that he stayed charged him an exorbitant amount as the room rent and other charges and this caused A to be upset and thus dissatisfied with the hotel. save because of the urgent requirement he had to put up with it. But in staying at the hotel he found out that the overall service of the hotel, the staffs and the facilities provided were much more than he anticipated. When asked to rate the hotel he gave it a ten out of ten. This is an example of how price can be related to satisfaction. But this is not the case with most products and services. Customers often expect good sales and services when they kick in a hefty price for a product. If the product performs they are more likely to conti nue the use of the same product and recommend the same to others.The opposite is the case if the product doesnt meet the necessary requirements the customer had in mind while paying for it. If thats the case, a sure negative response from the customer via word of mouth would go to others, thus making the brand lose out on a potential customer while not retaining a customer. Thus customer satisfaction and price has a channel negative relationship and impact on customer attention. This is regardless of satisfaction with the service experience or strengthener programmer membership status.This also shows the price sensitivity of customers in relation to being satisfied with a product or service. Achieving Customer Satisfaction As customer satisfaction is an important factor for brands, companies and the market, plans and strategies must be included to achieve the same. This part of the paper will give a childlike layout on how to achieve customer satisfaction. Since the business or t he market continues to exist because of the customer, the customer should be do the first priority. This is in accordance to what was said at the beginning of the paper where customers where declared as assets of a market.If customers are unhappy and uncaring for a product or service chances are they have already made up their minds to shift to another. They also are highly capable to spread negativity about the same product or service via word of mouth. A Can-Do attitude by sales executives and the staffs in general can go a long way to making customers happy and satisfied. cark caused by the staffs and personnel at a retail shop or outlet can cause a very long lasting negative impression on the minds f the customers. The lesser the complaints received, the more highly the customer is satisfied with the service.Communication with customers also offers a great platform in creating relationships with them and building trust in them. Also communication about the services and product s provided by the brand to increase the knowledge of the customer is an ideal way to retain customers. If the full quality and service of a product and the extent to which the product or service can be used is made known to customer gets about the product or service, the more highly it can affect his/her purchase decision again and again. This can then lead to customer retention and satisfaction.Timing is also one of the basic factors that can lead to customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. On time deliveries, sales and services, and deadlines are real time factors influencing customer satisfaction. Uncertainty and lack of confidence with customers are negative points on the customers mind. Your customer expects prompt, courteous service. When asking for service help, your customer should never have to make a second call. Establish clearly defined and attainable service standards using the input of customers and employees. Ensure hat those standards are thoroughly understood by em ployees and promoted to customers.Put the standards into practice through employee reward programs that establish and recognize excellence in service. Research into competitors actions to improve your own goals and improve your own techniques and services. call up that the customer is the markets everything. Complains must be listened and taken into account. Positive solutions must be encouraged along with politeness, congratulate and enthusiasm. You are the company that the customer sees. The customer is always evaluating you, so offer a better service than your competitors ND always show interest in the customer.Conclusion In concluding we can see that although there are customers who will always buy and purchase a product or service because of needs and requirements totally satisfied customers are hard to find. Retaining Just satisfied customers also is a hard process since it entails a lot of work and research into why there can be a shift even when they are satisfied. Custome r satisfaction is thus seen as not Just a whole of measure for brands and markets to calculate their profits and revenues but is seen as an important factor for marketing strategies and plans.This is because the more satisfied the customers are, the more loyal they can become and the more loyal they become the more benefit the brand and the market can achieve from them in terms of profit and revenue. The results of the study shows that the markets offering different products and services should concentrate on customer satisfaction as it plays an important role in retaining customers which are the Assets of any market. References 1. Enhance Plus Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? 2. The effect of price on return intentions Do satisfaction and reward programmer membership matter?

Plato’s Perspectives on Society, Organization and Leadership Essay

Main views about society Plato wrote in his book called the Republic. The Republic was written more or less 380 (BC). In this book Plato tries to define justice, right order and character of the just city and the just patch. In the Republic different philosophers like Socrates try to argue, what is the meaning of justice. They also discuss if a just man is happier than an unjust man, if they ar prescriptd by just philosopher kings. (Brickhouse, doubting Thomas & Smith, Nicholas, 2010)Plato view, that a just city has to be ruled by these philosopher kings. Plato believed in an aristocratic system of ruling, non the democratic way of ruling. The kings crap to be setd by philosophers, so that they would be like philosophers. Or philosophers should be elected as rulers. anyhow he did non like some much about democracy and little educated loss drawing cards. (Brickhouse, Thomas & Smith, Nicholas, 2010)Plato thinks that at that place atomic number 18 many dangers in the democra cy. People do not always choose the wisest per boys at the elections. Sometimes they choose those, who can speak nicely. The association is not the main criteria for choosing race at the democracy, more everyplace Plato thinks that those who know should be elected as rulers. (Saarinen 1985, p.43)Plato was pessimistic about people. correspond to him common people were hurtful and acted normally irrationally. People survived according to their selfish desires and bad beliefs. People did not follow the justices by their hearts, tho because they were afraid of punishment. (Plato 360 BC, p.45) According to Plato people could not live alone. They needed each other. Plato said, that it is good for people to live in communities, by this way people can exchange products. (Plato 360 BC, p.75) Plato believes that the society has to be well ordered, this allow for lead into good moral in the society. Fine well-disposed order and education will educate good people. These good people, w ho are well educated, will be better than their parents (People living before them.). (Plato 360 BC, p.117, 353, 380)Plato thinks that a human soul and society have similarities. They both have resembling particles. Parts of the soul are like social gradationes in the society. If these parts / social classes are in harmony, at that place will be justice. There are three different classes in the society Productive, protective and governing class. Productive class is workers farmers, blacksmiths, carpenters, ranchers, etc. Part of the soul for these people is appetite. Second class is protective class. These people are warriors and guardians. They are strong and courageous. Part of the soul for these people is the spirit. Third class is the governing. These people are rulers or philosopher kings. They are rational, wise, self-controlled. These people can make good decisions for the society. These people are like the reason part of the soul. These people are very few. (Saarinen 198 5, p.42-43)Plato already saw corruption in the society. He said that it is needed rule of law to prevent corruption. The government and guardians have to really guard the society that the order and rule of law can exist. (Plato 360 BC, p.141) Love of wisdom should be one of main values of the society. (Plato 360 BC, p.397) There should be order, not anarchy, in the society. If there is order children can orderly live with their parents and they can learn from their parents. In the same way masters can learn from their scholars. There should be some fear surrounded by son and a father and pupil and a teacher. This fear keeps the order. (Plato 360 BC, p.328-329)Platos Perspectives on OrganizationPlato thought that there are three classes in the society, which should have a good co-operation and they should live in a harmony. According to Platos views organization has three different groups (classes). Somebody might also think that these groups (classes) have hard borderlines. This m eans that it is difficult to step from one group to other group. It is difficult to go over lines to another class at the organization.Plato sees an organization as an entity, which should be in harmony with its parts. Many modern organizational theoreticians have followed Plato, when they stress the unitary and well balanced nature of modern complex organizations. (Takala 1998, p.797)Plato thinks about the sterling(prenominal) evil and the greatest good at an organization. In His views evil is discord and distraction. On the other pass along good is unity. There has to be unity in the organization, all the members should have common experiences (pleasures etc.). (Plato 360 BC, p.198) Justice is heavy thing for every organization. In the organization order brings justice and the organization has to keep the justice. (Plato 360 BC, p.6) If there is unfairness in the organization, it will lead into quarrels and fights, people will become each others enemies. inequity will distu rb the organizations basis for human co-operation. (Plato 360 BC, p.53-54) Obedience is an important factor at the organization. Workers should obey their masters. Everybody should live under clear hierarchy and follow the orders given by those, who are over them. (Plato 360 BC, p.36, 192, 297)Platos Perspectives on LeadershipPlato thinks, that ruler has to be philosopher. This means, that only philosophers can be good rulers. In this way main character of a attraction is his/her philosophical capacity. Leader (ruler) has to know the real organism and leader (ruler) has to distinguish belief from the real knowledge. This is the highest virtue for a leader To separate beliefs and real facts. (Saarinen 1985, p. 44)Plato thinks, that leader should love the truth. He teaches that a leader is like a captain and his ship or a doctor and his medicine. These professions (doctor, captain) cannot be practised by everyone by nature. So to be a leader is not by nature, leaders should be educat ed. Plato thinks that one of the main tasks for the education system is to engender these philosopher kings. (Plato 360 BC, p.233)Plato thinks that a leader has to be a just person. The stronger (leader) cannot abuse his power over the weaker. The leader has to be just and there has to be justice in the society. Leader guides this social order, so that society can live in harmony. Leader guides citizens (class of citizens) to carry out tasks for which they are suited and not interfering with the work of others. (Takala 1998, p.791)Plato sees leadership as an important part of a functioning society. He thinks that leadership is an educational catalyst in the society. Plato thinks that leader has got two important tasks to control the implementation of education and to control the propagation of thoughts. Plato sees this controlling as an infixed function in the society, thats why the controllers must be philosophers. (Takala 1998, p.790-791)According to Plato education is needed to produce good philosopher leaders. Education leaves its mark on leaders. On the other hand education makes division between leaders and other people. Platonic education gives wisdom and mystical skills (real knowledge) to the leaders. (Takala 1998, p.792)Plato sees leadership as a trading of a philosopher. The essential thing is the true knowledge, if somebody has got the knowledge he can be the leader. The philosopher has got knowledge and he can rule. And the man, who is not philosophical, has got only a true beliefs or opinions. This corresponds that he cannot be the leader. (Takala 1998, p.792)In Platos mentation there is the concept of the leadership of meaning. The leader has to create meaning, he has to sustain it and sometimes it has to be changed. In this way leadership can be seen as a social process. This social process includes all those means by which leadership creates new meanings by rituals, symbolizing and naming. The attributes of a powerful leader is also in the Platos thinking. One attribute in Platos thinking is the charisma, which is said to be widely discussed in modern leadership theories. A leader must have charisma in order to be successful in his actions. Without it the leader is not able to do his job, to lead some complex organization. (Takala 1998, p.797)Referenceshttp//www.springerlink.com/content/u348q477q0583068/fulltext.pdf

3d Printers

Rapid prototyping 3D markers 3D printingis a form of additive manufacturing technology where athree dimensional reject is framed by laying overthrow successive floors of material. 3D wisespapermans are primarily faster, more affordable and easier to use than other additive manufacturing technologies. 3D printers offer product developers the ability to print part and assemblies made of several materials with different mechanical and physical properties in a single seduce offset. Advanced 3D printing technologies yield shams that closely emulate the look, feel and functionality of product patterns.A 3D printer works by taking a 3D computer file and using and making a series of cross-sectional slices. Each slice is then printed one on top of the other to create the 3D object. The cost of 3D printers has declined. The technology also finds use in the jewellery, footwear,industrial design, architecture, engineering and aspect (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical i ndustries. A large number of competing technologies are procurable to do 3D printing. Their main differences are found in the way layers are built to create parts.Some methods use leaning or softening material to produce the layers ( atomic number 11 lauryl sulfate, FDM) where others lay liquid materials that are cured with different technologies. In the display case of lamination systems, thin layers are cut to shape and joined together. Selective laser sintering(SLS) Selective laser sintering(SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high powerlaser(for showcase, acarbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles ofplastic, admixture(Direct Metal Laser Sintering),ceramic, orglass pulverises into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape.The laser selectively fuses powdered material by s targetning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from aCADfile or s stooge data) on the surface of a powder bed. subsequently each cr oss-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed. Compared to other methods of additive manufacturing, SLS can produce parts from a relatively wide range of commercially available powder materials.These includepolymerssuch asnylon, (neat, glass-filled or with other fillers) orpolystyrene, metals includingsteel,titanium, alloy mixtures, and composites andgreen sand. The physical process can be fullmelting, partial melting, or liquid-phasesintering. And, depending on the material, up to 100% density can be achieved with material properties comparable to those from conventional manufacturing methods. In many cases large numbers of parts can be packed within the powder bed, allowing in truth high productivity. SLS is performed by machines called SLS systems.SLS technology is in wide use around the world due to its ability to easily make very complex geometries dire ctly from digitalCADdata. While it began as a way to shewprototypeparts early in the design cycle, it is increasingly being used inlimited-run manufacturingto produce end-use parts. one and only(a) less expected and rapidly growing application of SLS is its use in art. pic The picture in a higher place is made using SLS and is a very intricate design which would be very problematical to imagine if it was only drawn on paper. Digital swinging Processing (DLP)InDLP, or Digital Light Processing, a vat of liquid polymer is exposed to light from a DLP projector undersafelightconditions. The exposed liquid polymer hardens. The build plate then moves down in small increments and the liquid polymer is again exposed to light. The process repeats until the model is built. The liquid polymer is then drained from the vat, leaving the solid model. TheZBuilder Ultrais an example of a DLP rapid prototyping system Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Laminated object manufacturing(LOM) is arap id prototypingsystem developed by Helisys Inc. Cubic Technologies is now the successor scheme of Helisys) In it, layers of adhesive-coatedpaper,plastic, ormetallaminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife orlaser cutter. The process is performed as follows 1. Sheet is adhered to a substrate with a alter roller. 2. Laser traces desired dimensions of prototype. 3. Laser cross hatches non-part area to facilitate waste removal. 4. Platform with completed layer moves down out of the way. 5. Fresh sheet of material is rolled into position. 6. Platform moves up into position to bewilder next layer. 7. The process is repeated.Note Low cost due to readily availability of raw material motif moulds have wood like characteristics, and may be worked and finished accordingly Dimensional accuracy is or so less than that ofStereolithographyandSelective laser sinteringbut no milling step is necessary. Relatively large parts may be made, because no chemical reactio n is necessary. pic The above picture shows how intricate objects con be made by LOM. Fused deposition modelling(FDM) Fused deposition modelling(FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modelling, prototyping, and production applications.FDM works on an additive principle by laying down material in layers. A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a pealing and supplies material to anextrusionnozzle which can turn on and off the flow. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlled mechanism, directly controlled by acomputer-aided manufacturing(CAM) software package. The model or part is produced by extruding small string of beads of thermoplastic material to form layers as the material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle.Several materials are available with different trade-offs between strength and temperature properties. As well asacrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) polymer,polycarbonates,polycaprolactone,polyphenylsulfonesand waxes, a water-soluble material can be used for making temporary sustainments while manufacturing is in progress, this soluble support material is quickly dissolved with specialized mechanical agitation equipment utilizing a precisely heatedsodium hydroxidesolution. pic In the picture above the support material is easy recognised and can be broken away easily.

Problems and Issues in Philippine Education Essay

1. Colonial historiography.Most of the away and present teachers, book authors, and friendly Studies consultants give heavier premium to the muniment of the colonizers in the Filipinos, and not to the history of Filipinos. Mostly, this has been the study in the teaching of History subjects from the elementary to tertiary levels and will virtually likely perpetuate in the next generations to come. The history of the Filipino populate and the colonial history of the Philippines atomic number 18 two different topics altogether. 2. internationalisation of the division of labor.To a certain extent, the Philippine preceptal transcription conditions its students to be skillful in arithmetical and computer literacy, fluent in foreign languages (specifically English and Nihonggo), and docile in devote to serve as workers of the transnational businesses of the advanced, capitalist countries. squander the grounds of the call center phenomenon in the Philippines, India and different developing nominates. think muchk-12 emoluments and disadvantages3. Emasculation and demoralization of teachers.Teachers, more often than not, are victimized by the over-worked and under(a)-paid policy of the system of the past and present dispensations. This leads to the emasculation and demoralization of their ranks. This probably explains why the teaching profession is not attracting the scoop up and the brightest from the crop of students anymore. Expectedly, this will correspondingly result to the vicious cycle of mediocrity in facts of life.4. Fly-by-night procreational institutions. By any measure, the proliferation of fly-by-night fosteringal institutions is counter-productive. In the long run, it produces a pool of half-baked, unprepared, and incompetent graduates. Alarmingly, the hoidenish is having an over-supply already. Some would even consider them as liabilities than as arrays. This case is true for both undergraduate and graduate studies.5. culturally and g ender insensitive educational system.Women, the common tao and the indigenous people are almost historically excluded from the Philippine historiography in favor of the men, heroes from Luzon and the power elite. Women are marginalized and trivialized even in language of education. Take the case of the toll female lawyer (as if lawyer as a profession is exclusive only to men) and manpower (which should develop been human resources or human capital to be more politically correct). 6. State abandonment of education.In the name of imperialist globalization, the statein an incremental fashionis abandoning its role to subsidize prevalent education particularly in the tertiary level. This comes in the striving of matriculation, laboratory and miscellaneous fee increases in ramble to force state colleges and universities (SCUs) to generate their own sources of fund. Ironically, the bulk of the budget (in fact, more than one-third in the case of 2005 National Budget) goes to debt servi cing.7. Sub-standard textbooks.Some textbooks which are already circulation are both poorly written and marshyly edited. Take the case of the Asya Noon at Ngayon with an set total number of more than 400 historical errors. Unfortunately, it is serious one of the galore(postnominal) other similar atrociously written textbooks which are yet to be identified and exposed. This is a classic case of profit-centeredness without regard to social accountability.8. Widespread contractualization.In the name of profit, owners and administrators of several hidden teachs commonly practice contractualization among their faculty members. Contractual employees unlike their regular/tenured counterparts are not authorise to fringe benefits which consequently reduces the over-all cost of their business operation. Job insecurity demeans the ranks of the faculty member9. Undue thin out for specialization.Some colleges and universities encourage their faculty pool to be generalists (under the guis e of multidisciplinary approach to learning) in order to beable to handle heterogeneous subjects all at once. But or so faculty members bewilder move out to be objects of mockery and have lost their self-esteem since some of them were pushed to handle Technical Writing, oecumenic Psychology, Filipino, and Algebra at the same time. This is prevalent among some franchised academic institutions even if the subjects are already off-tangent their area of touch and specialization. 10. Copy-pasting culture.Over-dependence to the cyberspace has dramatically reduced the capability of students (even teachers) to under pull back research. Copy-pasting has even turned into a norm among some students whenever they are tasked to submit a research paper or even a film review. costless to say, plagiarism has already transformed into a more sophisticated form in the context of todays electronic age.11. Mc Donaldized education.The system, methodology, and even content of education in the Phil ippines are stainless haphazard transplantation from the West. It is therefore Eurocentric, culturally insensitive, and non-reflective of the local milieu. This is establish on the xenocentric (foreign-centered) premise that other culture or system is far more superior than ones own.12.The problem of non-sustainability and non-continuity.Teachers, administrators and publishers are all left hand over(p) in limbo whenever the DepEd would come up with another totally different directive from what it used to have in a rather very sudden interval. Take the case of the grading system, timeframe allotted to various subjects, MAKABAYAN weapons platform, readiness test, and learning competencies.13. Poor regard for liberal art/education.Liberal education is intended to form a holistic individual equipped with communication, critical thinking, mathematical, creative, inter-personal and intra-personal skills. This explains why we in any case have Philosophy, Languages, Humanities, Natural Science, Social Science, Physical command and even Theology in our college curriculum, and not only our major subjects. The curriculum is specifically designed to produce a total person, and not onlya technical specialist. Unfortunately, the desired documentary is not human being met at all since liberal education is regarded only as a set of minor subjects.With the way these subjects are being handled (taking into account both content and methodology), students view the entire work out as an unnecessary duplication of what they have already covered in high prepare. Equally appalling is the lack of enthusiasm and motivation exhibited by some professors to handle the subject especially if they believe that it has zero to do with the course or area of specialization of their students (say, Art Appreciation for Accounting majors or Algebra for Creative Writing majors).13. tuition a purveyor of myth.Education has been very effective in mainstreaming and perpetuating the social myths in a subtle and indirect manner. Some of these myths are the perceived superiority of white, educated men, official history as advanced by the western point of view, globalization as the only way to carry out economic development, and stereotypes against the minoritized and the disenfranchised.14. Further marginalization of the undersubscribed courses.In the name of profit and as a response to the dictates of the securities industry forces, colleges and universities like to offer more courses in line with the health sciences like nursing, medical transcription, and care-giving. This is done at the expense of the already undersubscribed yet relevant courses like Area Studies, Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies), Development Studies, Philippine Arts, Art Studies, companionship Development, Social Work, Islamic Studies, Clothing Technology, and Ceramics Engineering.15. Monolithic education.Some educators in the name of conservatism and for the sake of convenience, prefer th e old-style teaching paradigm where they view themselves as the fountain of knowledge and their students as nothing but forsake vessels to be filled up (banking method of education). Modern education has ushered in learner-centered approach to education (from being the sage in the stage to just a guide on the side).16. Atrociously boring teachers.As I always underscore, there are no boring subjects, only boring teachers.But at least we should recognize them because they still serve a purpose. They serve as bad examples.16. Brain run offApart from the much debated political, social and psychological aspects, this ongoing mass emigration constitutes an unparalleled brain expire with serious economic implications.Arguably, the phenomenon also has an educational dimension, as the Philippine society is footing the bill for the education of millions of people, who then spend the better part of their productive years abroad. In effect, the poor Philippine educational system is indirectl y subsidizing the affluent economies hosting the OFWs. With 95 per cent of all elementary students attending human beings schools, the educational crisis in the Philippines is basalally a crisis of public education. The wealthy can easily send their offspring to buck private schools, many of which offer first-class education to the privileged class of pupils.Read moreCurrent Issues in the PhilippinesProblems and Issues in K to 12 CurriculumOverviewIt is not that difficult to understand why, despite the additional cost the syllabus would entail, the public generally appears to take President Benigno Aquino IIIs K to 12 primary education course of instruction sitting down. That is if state-sponsored surveys are to be believed. The House Committee on Basic Education claims majority of the public surveyed during its consultations favored the K to 12 program, while separate consultations by theDepartment of Education (DepEd) showed 77 percent of the 1,417 people consulted nationwide supported Aquinos flagship education program. For one, DepEd tried to make the lengthening of the basic education cycle palatable by saying the additional junior and senior high school levels would make students ready for the world of work when they graduate in high school.Even as public elementary and high school education continues to be free under the new system, other expenses such as transportation, allowance, food, school projects and other school expenses would still burden families and take up a portentous portion of the family budget. However, what apparently makes parents willing to shoulder such costs is the empty promise of employability after their children perk their hard-earned diplomas. Inthe present scheme of things, the function of education is already reduced to the individuals mere employability. The K to 12 program honours this societal function of education. Society also continues to regard education as essential to social mobility, an investment worth un dertaking as the costs do not outperform the benefits. Owing to its highly commercialized character, tertiary education has also become inaccessible for many Filipinos. prevail by the private sector, higher educational institutions charge students with sky-high tuition and miscellaneous fees that remain unregulated and unchecked. Even as college education gives the student an advantage in the vicious and highly-competitive search for job opportunities, many youths forgo college schooling simply because they cannot afford it. This makes the K to 12s employability factor more harmonic and acceptable to the parents, who are made to believe that under the new education system, college education is a manner which is not for everyone to tread. Lastly, any educational reform almost always appeals to many especially since there is a general consensus that our present state of education is in disarray. The word reform is always easy for the public to swallow because any move to veer away from the present arrangement of things is viewed as a encounter development. Reaction/commentGovernment officials and other advocates who are so insistent in adding two more years in the school cycle should thus join the clamor for higher wages and the dominion of prices of basic commodities and assistants, push for the expansion and institutionalization of student financial support systems and scholarships, and more importantly, fight for greater state subsidy to education at all levels. Any education reform program that does not take into account economic and other social factors that affect a persons schooling is sharpness to fail especially when its supposed beneficiaries cannot keep pace. The public should not take the K to 12 program as a bitter pill to swallow. It should not pass judgment on the program based solely on its glittery promise of honing the student for employability, and the additional costs that parents have to shoulder.The heavy financial burden that comes with the implementation of the program is just one of the many issues on the surface. Basic problems such as lack of teacher training and the failure of the government to address input gaps are also considerations that if leftunaddressed may imperil the full implementation of the program. But a fundamental flaw of the program that merits equal attention is its inability to address the problem of decreasing access to education. Aquinos K to 12 is anchored on improving the competencies of in-school youths but fails to consider the situation of the growing number of out-of-school youths in the untaught who should enjoy the universally-acknowledged right of access to educational services. Furthermore, school survival rates are not provided influenced by the students mental and cognitive abilities.Poverty, the peace situation, and other societal factors all set up to the increasing drop-out rates that cannot be remedied by mere curricular reforms and additional years of schooling. Wh at use does a more enjoyable learning experience have when the student cannot even afford to go to school due to his or her financial woes? The K to 12 is marketed as a program wherein the student is prone the option to pursue different paths upon graduation employment, entrepreneurship, and higher education. This freedom of choice touted by the K to 12 proponents, however, is illusory since the students choice is actually limited by the reality that higher education has become a privilege and that the worsening economic conditions in the rustic are pushing Filipinos to strain jobs instead of pursuing higher education.The programs objective to produce globally competitive graduates also run counter to the supposed freedom that the student possesses in choosing his or her career path. In reality, under the present economic set-up, the prescriptions of market dictates shape our choices and decisions, be it in the brands we purchase, the artists we subscribe to, the course we take i n college, and even in the profession or occupation we wish to have. With the government systematically and aggressively promoting the merchandise of labor and the dependence on external sources of jobs and economic growth through its economic policies, it can be expected that majority of the jobs and fields of learning that the students would be pursuing are those that are in mental strain with the demands of global marketcall center jobs, technical-vocational jobs abroad, etc.It is contemptible, how at a young age people are told to pursue whatever dreams they have but education agencies would be coming up with a list of courses that are highly discouraged simply because they are not what the global market demands. Thus, the annotation that the real motive behind the K to 12 education reform program is to further raiselabor export by systematically targeting the countrys young labor force, and further service the demands of multinational firms is not without basis. As seen fro m the K to 12 curriculum, there is a noticeable focus minded(p) to technology and livelihood education (TLE) during high school, with the learner even obtaining a certificate of competency postulate by industries. In Grades 7 and 8, TLE subjects are exploratory, which means that the learner is given the opportunity to learn 5 basic competencies1) mensuration and calculation,2) use of tools and equipment,3) interpretation of plans/drawing4) occupational health and safety in the study5) maintenance of tools and equipment.In Grade 9, the learner chooses one course to specialize in from among the exploratory courses and in Grade 10, he/she pursues the TLE specialization that he/she has chosen in the previous grade in order for him/her to obtain at least a National Certificate take I or Level II. There is completely nothing wrong with developing the technical and vocational skills of the citizens if these are oriented towards legitimate economic development through national industri alization. However, the present economic orientation of the country shows that tech-voc courses supply either the demands abroad or the pool of skilled reserve labor servicing multinational firms which take advantage of the countrys cheap skilled labor.While the intentions seem laudable at first glance, the cardinal context of the implementation of the K to 12 program could be better(p) understood by face at the governments problematic general development framework that is the Philippine Development Plan, which seeks to reinforce the countrys adherence to the flawed development paradigm of neoliberal globalization. The K to 12 programs thrust of producing 21st century graduates is nothing but an affirmation and a reinforcement of the countrys role in the uneven world order where economies such are ours are wrought according to the interests of the powers-that-be. Thus, the K to 12 education program can be considered a sine qua non for the fulfillment of the governments agenda of trawling the path of the globalization project, which has only made the country vulnerable to the world economic crisis and has yielded the very crisis that plaguesPhilippine education. Our country has gone through many changes and development for the past some years. The continuous process made great impacts in the lives of millions of Filipinos.Relatively, the changes have given us advantages not to touch the disadvantages it brought causing downfall to many people. There are numerous questions concerning the issues and problems existing in the Philippine educational System as to how we can resolve it the best way we could to attain that kind of quality of education we have been searching and longing for. Where do we begin and how do we respond to such? Public schools are the building blocks of our societies. They can be considered our foundational instruments. Although these venues of learning play significant roles, they are unable to provide the best they can, due to their numerous flaws.As Ive gone through different readings and researches, questions were arising in my mind as to what solutions are applicable in addressing the problems about the quality of education, affordability, budget, mismatch, integration of sex education in the curriculum, R.A. 9710 (Magna Carta for Women) and other concerns which are somehow related to it. I will always stand for what I believe in according to my observations that we have good guidelines and policies on education but what is lacking is the ability to implement such in accordance to the needs of every school, majority of which belong to the public education system. Generally, Philippine Education aims to provide quality and free education both for the elementary and secondary public schools but again this have not been observed and understood well causing it to be a burden most especially to the students and parents.