Qatar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Qatar - Assignment Example This ranking has been consistent, especially after the 2007-8 global financial crises, and is expected to continue for the next years due to the rising prices of oil and natural gas. This paper purpose to statistically determine whether the values of Qatar’s exports in oil and gas sector depend on Qatar’s economy, the size of the Importing country, or/and by the distance between Qatar and the importing country. The statistical analysis of the link between the value of Qatar’s export and Qatar’s economy, size of the importing country, and the distance between Qatar and the importing country will take the following regression model. When the available data of the value of exports (US $), Qatar’s GDP (Million US $), GDP of the importing country, the Distance (from Doha to the importing country capital), and the natural logs of all these variables were run in SPSS, the following were the results. According to the table above, the coefficient of determination, R square and the Adjusted R square are 0.448 and 0.444 respectively. This figure means that the independent variables have explained 44.4% of the variation in the dependent variable (lnExport). Approximately 44.4% of Qatar’s exports are attributed to Qatar’s economy, the size of the Importing country, and the distance between Qatar and the importing country. The standard error shows the standard deviation of the various sample statistics from the population i.e. the measure of variability of the prediction in the regression model. The standard error of the estimates, as shown in the table above is 2.5046, meaning only 2.5046 of the sample deviates from the population, thereby making the data credible. According to the ANOVA table above, the test for the model validity shows the F-value is 104.682. Assuming the null hypothesis argued in support of the dependence of Qatar’s export

Cultural Experience Essay Example for Free

Cultural Experience Essay 1. The museum I visited was the Smithsonian mem  orial holocaust museum in DC. http://www.ushmm.org/ 2. The museum had very informational facts of the challenges faced for victims of the holocaust. There are many educational pieces all throughout the museum. 3. Upon entering the holocaust museum, you will notice the dim lights and eerie sounds coming from the speaker. Also, the walkway is actually a timeline beginning with WWI. There are many artifacts of victims on display. 4. Walking through the museum, I felt a lot of remorse and emotions for the victims of the Holocaust. The most influential moment of the tour is a pile of shoes worn by the victims. The shoe pile is stacked very high and ranges in many sizes. I was emotional of the encounter because it showed me a real example of men, women, and children innocently killed for a radical idea. 5. During week two of our class, we had read about the differences of religion and the culture it brings. We also discussed about the challenges people would face based on their religion. I think this tie in with my topic for this report. The challenge Jews had faced during the holocaust had left an imprint in history. They were out casted in most of central Europe during the Nazi rule. I also believe that the Holocaust ties in with the discussion of humanities because it is a life lesson that had a major impact in history. It has taught us the significance of what a radical idea can do and how it affects people. 6. Here is a link to the â€Å"ID cards† used in the museum but can also be found online. http://www.ushmm.org/remember/id-cards Collection of shoes found in the Smithsonian Holocaust Museum. 7. This experience had really affected my feelings toward genocide victims. I felt lots of remorse and sadness for the people who had to endure the pains of the holocaust. With this experience, I view the human culture of the past to be different of todays. I believe as time progresses, and the learning of past mistakes, we try to and become more positive of ethics. 8. Although this experience does not directly affect me, I understand more of what is going on around the world. My experience here as opened my eyes to genocide and the horrid effects of what it can do to a population. During WWI and WWII, there were many deaths because of a radical ideological man, Adolf Hitler. He was the supreme leader of the Nazi forces and had envisioned to rule the world. Aside from the deaths of combat, there was a mass genocide of innocent Jews which accounted for more than five million deaths. Many of the victims ranged from the youngest to the eldest with executions of the most horrid way imaginable. Many Holocaust memorials were built around the world to remind people of the cruel event to which the Jews had to endure. My experience in the Smithsonian Holocaust Museum was very interesting. I have only heard of the Holocaust in grade school and textbooks. However coming here, I was hit with a big impact of emotions from the display of antiques from the victim. In the museum there are authentic photograph and artifacts used and worn by Jews during the genocide. With tons of information and videos, I felt like I understood more and more the anguish the victims had to endure. I also learned of the torture devices used by soldiers to kill the victims. Cold blooded methods such as gas chambers, fire pits, and death squads are only a few of the many tactics used during the mass genocide. Walking through the museum, I found the most influential section to be a room filled with old shoes piled high. I was particularly focused on it because the shoes were worn and used by actual victims in concentration camps. The shoes were collected after the executions and were reissued to other prisoners who would cycle through. It was a hard sight to see because some of the shoes had dried blood which signified the torture they had gone through. I was literally speechless with  the sight. Genocides are still happening today all over the world. Although the ban of genocide is an international law created by the Geneva Convention, mass killings have since continued after the holocaust. The most notable places are in rural Africa. Many victims are living in constant fear because of their belief in their religion.

Legal Rights and Requirements for Children with Disabilities

Legal Rights and Requirements for Children with Disabilities Outline the legal and regulatory requirements in place for children with disabilities or specific requirements†¦ Every child regardless of age, ability and circumstance has legal rights and entitlements. A child with a disability has the right to be treated equally and fairly. Tutt R (2007) Every Child Included, Great Britain, Paul Chapman Publishing quotes ‘Every child not only matters, but matters equally’. Acts and laws have been put into place to ensure children’s disabilities are not discriminated against. Children with SEN have extra-legal stipulations that ensure their inclusion and protect them from further discrimination. These include The Equality Act 2010, which states that provision be mad e for people with disabilities to be able to access public and private services the same way an able bodied person does. Adjustments to public places should be made, such as ramps for access and wider doors. Services such as toilets adapted for disabled people and braille on signs for visually impaired children, accessible seating areas at events and amenable transport .The Special Education Needs Code of Practice provides help schools to ensure inclusion and equality. One of its most important aims is to give early intervention for children with SEN, with the best suited support. A child with SEN should have their needs met, this will normally be in mainstream school being included in the National Curriculum at a relevant level with an appropriate approach. From the 1St September 2014 all schools must adhere to this practice. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a document giving rights to children regardless of their needs and circumstance stating that children’s’ views should be taken into consideration when decisions are made, where possible for their education and care. Whilst the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is specifically for children with disabilities. It is aware that although they have different challenges they should still equally enjoy their human rights with non -disabled children. Article 7 outlines that the child’s best interests should be paramount and their right to express their opinions should be taken seriously. Article 31 says information must collected be collected with disabled people and shared so that a better understanding of the barriers can be overcome. Article 24 states a child should receive inclusive, free primary and secondary education within their community with quality teaching and individual support. Each country has to report to the United Nations committee showing how t hey are putting this convention into practise. These acts and bills that have been passed to protect the children are such an important aspect of disabled children and Sen children’s life. They provide good quality early intervention which will continue to help improve the long term outcome of all children. Explain why it is important to work inclusively with children with disabilities or specific requirements†¦ It is so important that children with disabilities are able to access main stream school education and be able to work alongside and with children without disability or additional needs. A child’s needs, strengths and interests should be built upon, with other children, to develop them under your care. (This is otherwise known as a child –centred approach) People’s opinions and the way they treat disabled children fall into two categories Medical Model of Disability and Social Model. The medical model sees disability as an illness to be made better. It focuses on their condition rather than the individual as a person. This labels a child as ‘sick’ instead of looking at their achievements and interests. If a setting chooses this approach they are not inclusive as they’ve chosen to focus on the disability. A social model sees that everybody is an individual with rights and feelings and this gives value to their choices .Society is responsible for the way we treat disabilities, our attitudes and behaviour determine whether we embrace and include disability into our everyday lives or we wrongly treat it like an illness. Lindon J (2012) Equality and Inclusion in Early Childhood, Great Britain, Hachette UK ‘Words matter because they are a reflection of deeply entrenched attitudes in our society’ By incorporating a child as a person with individual needs and listening to them a child will feel respected which will increase their self -worth and well- being. A child will feel safe and secure in their environment and the other family members will equally feel that they are respected too. Planning is a very important part of inclusion, if the child has a special interest in something (i.e. animals) this can be incorporated into learning bringing in resources to count, sort, describe and write about etc. It will keep the child interested and motivated to continue learning. A practitioner needs to show an understanding towards the child’s feelings and points of view and not pity as this would not be productive in any way. Thinking from the child’s point of view will enable you to adapt the setting to the individual needs of the child. Children should be encouraged to take responsibility and have independence as this gives them belief in their abilities and future skills and by watching able bodied children complete tasks they learn what can be achieved. Gaining an understanding of how a child’s disability affects them their learning would greatly help to include each different disability to ensure they aren’t excluding the child even unintentionally. A child needs to feel welcomed; this could be as easy as a smile or calling their name. All pictures should display positive images of different disabilities around the classroom to provide a positive environment. All role models need to maintain a positive attitude to make these changes and by working in an enthusiastic team inclusion can be achieved which has to be the best thing for all children. This poem written by an 8yr old girl describes how she feels about her friend in her class who cannot walk or talk and shows how beneficial inclusion is. Tutt R(2007) Every Child Included, Great Britain, Paul Chapman Publishing. Evaluate the benefits of working in partnership with parents and professionals when working with children†¦ All parents should be constantly involved and consulted when making decisions about a child with special educational needs as this enables a parent to feel they are respected and their child is valued. A parent sees their child as a whole person with interests and characteristics and not just a child with an illness or condition. They have the best source of information on the child, their personality, personal skills, social abilities and emotional state as well as their physical situation. They are also able to relay their coping techniques and what methods they use to produce results for development and behaviour. Parents have a right to contribute to the decision making according to the Code of Practice as does a child have the right to be involved in choices and preferences .This is a good idea as each child is a sensitive individual with individual needs. Having this parental partnership helps outside agencies such as Social Services , Speech and Language therapists , Doctors and Paediatricians form a clearer picture and understanding of the child they are involved with and are able to build on this knowledge to know where their child is in their learning and development to give them the best help , For example a Physiotherapist will suggest exercises to do at home , a Speech and Language therapist would devise a plan that would be implemented at school and home. A Social worker will also have a vital role in supporting a family with a SEN Child giving support and guidance where necessary and also practical help. As children with SEN are seen to be potentially vulnerable they also help with their protection and safe guarding and working closely with a family is the best way to do this. Parents will often need additional information to help support their child in the best way as this will be a new experience and learning curve for them too. Additional information would help these parents and support them in preparing them for meetings they would need to attend. A parent will also need their own personal support as this is an emotional and difficult time they are trying to cope with. They should be respected and contact should be professional but with understanding and compassion as sometimes there is unacceptance of the situation too. Each school now has to have a designated member of staff as a SENCO who is responsible for providing provision for each child. The SEN code of practice says they must ensure each child should be valued and equality and inclusion must be provided and early intervention where required. Details of the SEN policy have to be provided for parents and carers and support when required. It is so important for parental involvement to continue with all these different parties and for strategies to be worked out together for the best interests of the child. Describe how PR actioners can adapt their existing practice to support children with disabilities or specific requirements†¦ It is the responsibility of the setting or employer to make sure premises are suitable to cater for the needs of all children with disabilities, so they can participate within their school and their community. The environment is a key factor to helping support the children , access to a building is vital ,this could be achieved with a ramp , possibly a lift or simply moving a classroom to a more accessible place i.e. nearer the entrance. It is important to look at the child’s actual disability, to look what they are able and aren’t able to do. For example if a child has limited movement and in a wheelchair, to adapt the area might include changing the table layout, a door entrance widened to accommodate a wheelchair. Resources would need to be kept at a lower level (but not on the floor) and labelled so the child can reach them, maybe choosing the activities and resources they prefer at an achievable independent level. Any floor activities could be adapted for a child to do at the table and be changed to adapt a wheelchair. If a child is visually impaired you would need to make sure they have a seat at the front of the class enabling them a better view of the whiteboard and t eacher, maybe a magnifying glass. It might be possible to have Audio Description, as hearing is heightened when vision is impaired. Labels around the classroom and lots of sensory and tactile resources should be available. It might be that resources need to be in braille and assisted help required. A visually impaired child would benefit from a classroom not being changed around so they are familiar with the layout of the room and can avoid obstacles and move about safely. You need to look at a classroom from a child’s view and adapt with this mind set, it is also important for the area to be regularly checked for safety reasons and the children should be encouraged to help to understand the importance of this . All ages and stage appropriate activities need to readily available. SEN children may also need additional help with their personal care, fastening buttons and zips; these can be made easier with Velcro fastenings to encourage independence. Some children find it difficult to make their own choices and feelings; this can be helped with visual aids such as a choice board to enable a child to make a simpler independent choice or a feelings board to express their emotions appropriately. For inclusion to work the adults involved have to have a positive attitude to any changes and adaptations needed. Practitioners should ensure activities and resources are ability appropriate and meet each child’s individual needs. Positive beliefs and a passion to help the children will help build an environment inclusive to all.

Problems with Immigration Essay -- Cons of Illegal Immigration, Immigr

Problems with Immigration The question is have we given up on turning our immigrants into Americans (Brimelow 30). Undoubtedly, all the hipped-up controversial rhetoric will deter the immigrant population from becoming legal. It has become such a hassle to go through the process that many people choose to cross the border without permission. Before 1960, eighty percent of the immigration to America came from Europe. Since 1960, however, eighty percent has come from places other than Europe (Wishard 153). As a result, immigrant laws have become less accepting of the immigrant community. Long ago, European immigrants were given a job, shelter, and food. Soon, the new immigrants were granted citizenship and voting privileges (Hernandez A1). Today, immigrants are lucky to cross the boarder without being shot--God forbid they become citizens. Contrary to what many believe, many immigrants are not here to become citizens. Many wish to stay for a short time and then return to their home. In fact, many immigrants are reluctant to become legal. Many harbor hopes and dreams of eventually returning to their friends and family back home. Then there are the distinct few who do not wish to decide, and would like have "dual citizenship." To be loyal to more than one country, to vote in both countries, and to travel back and forth easily (Limon). To understand the affects of immigration one must study the state where it is more rampant. California is a magnet for immigrants. As a result, many claim that immigrants are a great economic burden. California does, however, benefit from its porous borders. The succession of immigrant groups has brought the state unparalleled ethnic diversity (Gerston 9). Besides ethnic diversity, California has one of the most diverse economies in the world. Despite its problems, California prevails in agriculture, mining, manufacture, transportation, communication, electronics, construction, and defense. These industries contain a high percentage of immigrants. If California were an independent nation, with a 695.3 billion dollar economy, it would rank eighth in the world (Gerston 8). California's dense population is a direct result of immigration, which accounts for California's great political and economic strength. The unregulated movement of goods, services, and people throughout the states is what ... ... to Raise Fees for Illegal Immigrants." L.A. Times 2 Apr. 1995: A3. Christopher, Warren. "NAFTA: In the overriding interest of the United States." Dispatch 15 Nov. 1993: 785. Fragomen, Austin T. Jr. The Illegal Alien: Criminal or Economic Refugee? Staten Island: Center for Migration Studies, 1973. Gerston, Larry and Terry Christensen. California Politics and Government: A Practical Approach. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993. Gore, Albert Jr. "North American Free Trade Agreement." C-SPAN. 15 Dec. 1993. Hernandez, Efrain Jr. and Simon, Richard. "Despite Gains, Latino Voters Still Lack Clout." L.A. Times 4 Dec 1994: A1. Limbaugh, Rush. "Open-Line Friday." KFI, Los Angeles. 7 Apr. 1995. Limon, Emiliano. "I want dual citizenship." KFI, Los Angeles. 28 Apr. 1995. McDonnel, Patrick J. "For Them, Prop. 187 is Just the Beginning." L.A. Times 28 Jan. 1995: A1. Olmo, Frank. "Perspective on Immigration; Open the Door to Mexicans." L.A. Times 31 Jan. 1995: B7. Wishard, Van Dusen. "The Wider Vision Seeks to Inspire the Best in People." Vital Speeches 6 (1994): 153. Woo, Elaine. "Immigrants do Well in School, Study Finds." L.A. Times 3 Apr. 1995: A1.

What Is It About Theories in the Human Sciences and Natural Sciences That Makes Them Convincing

When I was very young, my science teacher taught me Charles Darwin’s evolution theory, and I never doubted that theory since Darwin is a well-known scientist and the authority in the field of biology. Until one day, I became a Christian; I need to accept another theory which is that human beings are created by God. My knowledge had a crash. I have never seen neither earlier species develop to human beings nor God creates human beings by using mud. That is when I started to question the knowledge that I have acquired from all the areas of knowledge. Why I am convinced by the theories?What do I or should I really believe? When I was first introduced to Newton’s third law of motions which is the mutual force of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite and collinear; I doubted it for a very long time. Since every time when I play roller skate and hit to a wall, I am the one who falls and got hurt, then how can I believe the wall got the same mutual force f rom me as well? However, one day, my teacher brought two same sized basketballs to the class. He put both of them on the floor and called two students to push the balls.When the basketballs collided with each other; both of them started to move backward. That is how my teacher proved Newton’s third law of motion and that’s when I started to believe. My sight as one of the sense perception witnessed someone prove the law and based on the past experiences, my sense perception rarely lies to me ergo I accepted something that I did not believe in natural science because of my faith in the sense perception. Also, as an IB natural science student, I knew that there is a very strict systematic methodology (observation, hypothesis, experiment, law, and theory) in natural science.If some scientist wants to find a theory form his or her observation then he or she needs to follow the methodology precisely so that other scientist could use the same method to recreate the experimen t and to prove the theory. In other words, natural science is universal; the theory will not change because of culture, gender or age etc. just like playing piano, as long as one gets the piano sheets, the melody that he or she plays will be the same with others who are at the different age or have different cultural background.However, one’s emotion could effects the accuracy of the natural sciences sometimes. The natural scientists therefore are required to do the experiment over and over again also they try to control all the possible variables in order to avoid the result affected by the emotion. For me, I can prove theories in natural sciences by using the same method as the scientist did. No matter how many times I do the experiment. The result does not change. The strict and universally accept methodology makes me have a very strong faith in theories in natural sciences.Even though we can use different methods to justify most of the natural science theories, some of th e theories are so abstract that even some of the scientists cannot understand them. When facing those theories that I am not smart enough to question or to challenge, I am not a natural science student anymore, I became like an uneducated child, but I am still convinced by those abstruse theories. This is not blind faith, I used reasoning as a way of knowing to decide whether the knowledge is convincing.When I read â€Å"the Brief History of Time† by Steven Hawking I did not understand any theories mentioned in the book, but I still believe it. This is because that since a lot of Hawking’s theories had been commonly accepted, I believe that he is an authority in the field of physics and many other scientists are convinced by Hawking too. As he has been right for a long time ergo I assumed there is enough reason to believe he is right for this time as well. Since there are not many potions and are not many theories that I known of are competing with Hawking’s.I a m sometimes convinced by one natural science theory simply because that the scientist who came up with the theory is the authority and there are not any other theories to believe. If natural sciences are the studies of non-living objects then in my opinion human sciences studies the most vigorous objects, the minds of human beings. As I mentioned earlier, natural science is like playing piano, as long as people follow the symbol written on the piano sheets, they will get the same melody. In contrary, human beings

No Country Should Intervene in the Affairs of Another

‘The perils of indifference' was what famous Hebrew Journalist, Idle Wiser, said to describe the blatant lack of regard states had for the ways Jews were treated all across the world. Discrimination, ethnic cleansing and purges were Just a few of the atrocities that they were subject to and yet little was done to assist them. This reaffirms the need for countries to intervene in the affairs of another, in terms of economic, political or social instability, because states are not always capable of making the right decisions to maximize the welfare of the society.Indeed there are asses where external intervention is unjustified, especially when global or regional powers try to exert their influence over another country. However, it is not right to assert that ‘No country should intervene in the affairs of another' as it gives too much power to individual governments. Instead, mediated intervention should be used to ensure that countries are kept in check.The common argument to Justify the stand for ‘No external intervention' is that of sovereignty, where the basic integrity of the state should be respected. This has been encoded in the United Nations charter, as well as that of the SEAN as a basic deadline to govern state relationships with one another. It has been frequently invoked by countries, such as the Soviet Union and China in the Korean War and even Indian, in the on-going dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir.While it is important to acknowledge the view that as the government, they need to exercise their political will and have the right to exert their influence without any interference, we need to realize that this monopoly of power might not be healthy for countries, Case in point, India, who has utilized brutal methods in dumping down on the Kashmir insurgents ND have committed an overwhelming number of human rights violations since the outbreak in 1989, over a territory that has not officially been recognized as theirs.In this case i t is not right to allow India to invoke the rule of sovereignty as a meaner to justify their actions for it would allow the continuation of such actions towards the Kashmir, to render conflict even more intractable, rendering the argument for sovereignty limited as it should not absolve them of such actions. ‘The Great Satan', as the Islamic fundamentalists often describe the Americans would be another case to support this rule of non-intervention. This occurs when regional powers or international superpowers attempt to exert their influence on another country through state intervention.There were many blatant incidents of this, especially during the Cold War era. The USA ; in trying to counter the Soviet communist influence, funded Islamic extremist rebels and provided then with huge amounts of arms and today, these fundamentalists constitute the Unexamined, a transnational terrorist organization. Egypt, in trying to assert its regional leadership as the forefront of Pan-Rabb is, encouraged the Yon-Kipper war on Israel that instead had devastating impacts on the Arabs and the worldwide economies through oil crisis of 1973 that saw oil prices spike from $2. 50 per barrel to $12 per barrel.The list goes on and on with conflicts from Somalia, to Vietnam and even Shove. On of malfeasances and committing of arms should under no circumstances, be allowed. Indeed the pursuit of interests might not always harm countries, as in the case of Japan and Western Europe, whose economies were rejuvenated by western intervention, but these are the anomalies. Too often we see that states descend into rather chaos due to the polarities nature of intervention to pursue one's interests, which then highlight the dangerous potential that intervention in another's country has on society.However, these cases in which authoritarian regimes attempt to consolidate control, or governments that resort to committing atrocities to pursue their interests within the country. For example, the conflict in Syria has blown up in present day, where hundreds are killed every day by Sad, who is trying to re-assert his control in a climate of growing dissent. Human atrocities are also not limited to the ways in which countries try to assert control, but in the practices carried out as well.For example, in Afghanistan, woman are often abused ad have strict laws imposed on them, such that if they are seen in public without the permission of their husband, they could be subject to ‘acid attacks', or have their body part mutilated. Under such circumstances, it would be undesirable to continue to persuade the power of such merciless regimes Just because ‘one should respect the territorial borders of another country. This is evident in the amount if progress that has been made around the world with regard to the atrocities being committed.In the Middle East, the interference of human rights groups have helped woman earn greater rights and in 201 5, some states have a llowed women to take part in local elections. External intervention has also helped in the acquisition of independence from regimes that attempt to clamp down on the dissidents without giving them equal rights. In East Timer, the Indonesian government had tried to gain control over the territory and utilized force to dent the locals any chance of freedom. However, through UN intervention through the MUTANT and economic sanctions, East Timer was able to reek free from Indonesia and gain independence in 2002.These happenings definitely provide impetus for us to accept external intervention when we know that governments are carrying out blatant human rights violations and should be limited so as to prevent the perpetuation of such atrocities. International intervention could also be important in providing the necessary humanitarian and economic aid to countries that require help, Many countries, especially the third world, are recipients if aid from international organizations, such as the I-IN, or the Red Cross.These occur when countries are plagued by unfavorable conditions for economic growth, such as natural disasters that wreck crops and homes. Here, governments are incapable of promoting the appropriate conditions to secure the welfare of their states and in recognizing such dismal conditions, international organizations and countries extend their capacity it assist these states to promote development.This was seen clearly in the tsunamis that wrecked Thailand coastal areas in the 2004 and also in the Hurricane Strain that killed many and destroyed infrastructure in New Orleans, which sea the timely espouse if the World Red Cross in providing humanitarian aid for reconstruction. Then again, detractors argue that doing so would not benefit the economy because it aid. However, I contend that such a counter is limited by the fact that these are wrecked economies that need recovery before they can go on such pursuit for growth.Moreover, there are programmer tha t help to ensure self-sustenance in countries through aid. In example, the UN Work for food' programmer in Ethiopia, is a programmer that encourages the villagers to work build infrastructure beneficial to their society like houses in exchange for food to feed their families. Theses have the two-pronged effect of providing aid and infrastructure, while ensuring that an over- reliance is not developed. There are also critics that argue that such intervention could compel state sot impose stricter measure and refuse the aid.However, I think that the focus should be on making such states accept the aid, as opposed to chiding external intervention. Thus was evident in the Congo crisis, in which the Strangest secessionists under Toothsome refused UN aid, but after talks with the Secretary General, aid was quickly secured and eventually, the situation stabilized. Thus this enforced the idea that external intervention can also make up for what the government in not able to provide for its people.Lastly, external intervention could also be useful in states marred with civil disorder, such that control is no longer within the hands of the government. In such cases, external intervention could be useful in helping to reach a compromise between the rivaling factions so that stability can be re-established into the state. The necessity for such intervention was highlighted in Somalia, in which rivaling factions caused the country to descend into a period and chaos and disorder. In Somalia, the government was incapable and asserting its influence and when they were overthrown, civil in fighting rendered help necessary.This once again highlights that in cases that are beyond government control, external intervention should be a tool to engender a climate of stability so that peace and progress can be pursued. Some may argue that civilians are not always receptive to external intervention ad hence, external intervention and hence, external intervention could be redundant and instead, detrimental to those countries kind enough to extend aid and troops. However, I blame this reluctance on the fact that the notion of ‘non-intervention' is constantly emphasized, denying any legitimacy to bodies that attempt to help countered in need.Psychologically, the idea of non-intervention leads the majority of them believe that no mandate, regardless of who issued it, is capable of preventing them from pursuing matters that pertain into one that has impartial, peace-bringing peace-bringing connotations, I trust a much greater degree of confidence, I trust that a much greater degree of confidence will allow constructive aid to be delivered to countries that require it. Frequent and informal diplomacy' as advocated by proponents of SEAN in building trust and confidence between stated to help dissolve the myriad of interstate tensions.That should be the key adopted to allow us to break away from the notion that one's integrity is violated through external interven tion. By establishing and ensuring the impartiality of intervention and governing the usage of aid extended, I am confident that the negative effects of external intervention can be mitigated. By establishing and enforcing norms that are able to ensure monitored not tolerated, intervention will become a helpful vehicle to drive towards the plopped global society that many are after.Therefore, I conclude that the notion that ‘No country should intervene in the affair of another' should be an invalid one and I strongly disagree with such an absolute. External intervention can be a very useful tool to help society attain its political, social and economic goals of stability. Even when considering the negative effects of intervention, it would be more accurate to modify the hypothesis to assert that ‘No state that pursues its vested interests in a destructive, blatant manner should be allowed to intervene in the affairs of another'. Hence, I disagree with the statement.

Anti-Virus Essays

Anti-Virus Essays Anti-Virus Essay Anti-Virus Essay The Interpretation mechanism must be specific to each operating system or component In which the antivirus Is going to be Implemented. For example, in Windows 91, a virtual driver VS. Is used, which continually monitors disk activity. In this way, every time the information on a disk or floppy disk is accessed, the antivirus will intercept the read and write calls to the disk, and scan the information to be read or saved. This operation is performed through a driver in kernel mode in Windows NT/2000/XP or an NIL which intercepts disk activity in Novel Antivirus products hat are not specially designed for operating systems, but are Implemented over other applications, have a different interpretation mechanism. For example, In an antivirus for CAP Firewalls, It Is the firewall that provides the antivirus with information in order to scan it through the CAP protocol and in the antivirus for Essential, the Millimeter filter facilitates information interpretation. Sometimes an interpretation mechanism is not provided by the antivirus (such as a Vs.) or the application (such as the CAP). In this case, special mechanisms between the application and the antivirus must be used. In other words, resources that intercept information and pass it to the antivirus, offering complete integration in order to disinfect viruses. Once the information has been scanned, using either method, if a threat has been detected, two operations are performed: 1 . The cleaned Information Is returned to the Interpretation mechanism, which In turn will return it to the system so that it can continue towards its final destination. This means that if an e-mail message was being received, the message will be let through to the mailbox, or if a file way being copied, the copy process will be allowed o finish. 2 A warning Is sent to ten user Interface. I Nils user Interface can vary greatly. In an antivirus for workstations, a message can be displayed on screen, but in server solutions the alert could be sent as an e-mail message, an internal network message, an entry in an activity report or as some kind of message to the antivirus management tool. As you can see, antivirus programs do not perform miracles, nor is it a software tool that you need to be wary of. It is a very simple security ally that offers precision and advanced technology. Consider this; when you copy a few mega bytes to the hard disk of your computer, the antivirus must look for over 65,000 viruses without affecting the normal functioning of the computer and without the user realizing. Antivirus programs offer a high level of protection and prevent any nasty surprises. It is as simple as putting XX dollars in a box to get peace of mind. Im sure that now you dont have any serious doubts.. Scan Engines Regardless of how the information to be scanned is obtained, the most important function of the antivirus now comes into play: the virus scan engine. This engine scans the information it has intercepted for viruses, and if viruses are detected, it disinfects them. The information can be scanned in two ways. One method involves comparing the information received with a virus database (known as virus signatures). If the information matches any of the virus signatures, the antivirus concludes that the file is infected by a virus. The other way of finding out if the information being scanned is dangerous, without knowing if it actually contains a virus or not, is the method known as heuristic scanning. This method involves analyzing how the information acts and comparing it with a list of dangerous activity patterns. For example, if a file that can format a hard disk is detected, the antivirus will warn the user. Although it may be a new formatting system that the user is installing on the computer rather than a virus; the action is dangerous. Once the antivirus has sounded the alarm, it is up to the user whether the danger should be eliminated or not. Both of these methods have their pros and cons. If only the virus signatures system is used, it is important to update it at least once a day. When you bear in mind that 15 new viruses are discovered everyday, an antivirus that is left for two or three days without being updated is a serious danger. The heuristic system has the drawback that it can warn you about items that you know are not viruses. If you have to work with a lot of items that may be considered dangerous, you could soon tire of the alerts. Programmers in particular may prefer to disable this option. Permanent and on demand scans when casseroling antivirus programs, It Is Important to clearly Lustiness Detente the two types of protection on offer. The first is permanent scans, which are more complex and essential. These scans constantly monitor the operations performed on the computer to prevent any kind of intrusion. The other type of protection available is on demand scans. These use the same scan engine as the permanent protection and check any parts of the system whenever the user wants. These are normally used under special circumstances. For example, a user may want to perform an on demand scan when using a new floppy disk or to check information stored on the computer that hasnt been used for a while.

Chatter, Natter, and Patter

Chatter, Natter, and Patter Chatter, Natter, and Patter Chatter, Natter, and Patter By Mark Nichol Three coincidentally rhyming words that all serve as slang to describe idle and extensive talk are discussed in this post. To chatter is to talk quickly and/or casually, though the term also refers to any fast, high-pitched, or clicking sound, such as the involuntary striking of one’s upper and lower teeth in response to cold or fear. One who chatters in the sense of speaking is a chatterer, and the adjectival form is chattery, though both words are rarely used. However, chat is a common verb describing the action of informal conversation and a noun for the act itself, as well as, by extension, a term describing casual online correspondence (or the semblance of such when communicating with a business’s customer-service representative). One prone to chatting is chatty, and chit-chat is reduplicative slang for such a pastime. The pejorative phrase â€Å"chattering classes† was coined to refer to well-educated people who often express their sociopolitical views (other than one’s own); the sense has narrowed somewhat to apply to journalists, politicians, and academicians. The verb natter pertains to long, trivial conversation; in British English, the word is also a noun, but it is not employed as such in American English. Both chatter and natter are onomatopoeic (imitative of talking or other sounds), but patter, which has more nuanced definitions, also has a more complicated origin; it derives from pater, the first word in Latin of the Lord’s Prayer, also known as the Paternoster (â€Å"Our Father†). The often rapid-fire delivery of this prayer at the closing of church services inspired the slang word, which refers to quick speech, but with one of two specific connotations: either the stereotypical hard-sell verbal onslaught of a high-pressure salesperson, or a humorous, almost singsong delivery in light entertainment, such as the tongue-twisting torrents uttered by mid-twentieth-century comedian Danny Kaye or by performers in Gilbert and Sullivan light operas, written during the Victorian era. The near rhyme prattle, derived by way of prate from a Dutch word, is a synonym, as is tattle, though it more often refers to telling secrets or reporting on another’s misdeeds. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesHow to Style Legislative Terms

11 Summer Programs in North Carolina for High Schoolers

These days, getting into college isn’t just about earning high marks or stellar SAT scores. On the contrary, an increasing number of colleges are asking applicants what they’re doing during their summer vacations — and while babysitting or waiting tables can demonstrate a level of maturity and responsibility, these activities aren’t always enough to impress. If you want to give your teen a competitive edge, consider encouraging them to enroll in one of North Carolina’s many summer programs for high schoolers. Pre-college programs are a great way to expose your teen to new academic subjects or help them develop their skills in a given field. Read on to learn about how summer programs can help your teen succeed, along with tips on how to select the best program for them given their unique skills and interests. Summer programs are an excellent way to spend a summer as they enable students to develop their academic interests alongside other teens with similar talents. Also known as pre-college programs, these courses cover a wide variety of topics, ranging from Chinese language and culture to chemistry. Your teen can choose to develop their existing skills in a field or to explore a new topic for the first time. Along with offering high schoolers the opportunity to excel academically, summer programs enable students to develop socially. When students aren’t in the classroom, they’ll be able to interact with peers from different backgrounds and experiences in a new, stimulating environment. Consequently, participating in a summer program can help your student develop their preferences around campus location, size and other key traits, while also providing them with a greater appreciation for other cultures and communities. Note:  All cost estimates are based on information available on the respective program websites. Costs will vary depending on whether students participate as residential or commuter students. With more than a billion native speakers, Chinese is an important language in business and other industries. Offered by North Carolina State College, this Chinese language immersion program offers teens a headstart on learning Chinese and interacting with others who share their interest. During the five-day program, students will be immersed in Chinese language and culture. Additionally, they’ll have the chance to explore traditional pastimes like Chinese calligraphy, brush painting, and paper-cutting. If your teen is passionate about a career in Television, North Carolina State College’s Communication Summer Camp just might be a fit. A week-long program, this course introduces students to the world of broadcasting. Covered topics include television production, presentational speaking, and writing for TV. As a bonus, courses are taught by Department of Communication faculty with real industry experience. Whether your high schooler is set on pursuing a career in landscape architecture or graphic design, the North Carolina State College’s Design Camp can help them achieve their goals. During this five-day course, students will take part in different studio rotations as well as activities outside of the classroom. They’ll also gain valuable tips to help them apply to design programs at top colleges. As the name indicates, the FLAMES program is designed to help future math and science majors achieve their goals in STEM. A one-week program out of North Carolina State College, this course encourages students to work in teams to solve challenges related to computer science and entrepreneurship. To apply, write a brief essay sharing a goal you want to achieve at camp and a second short essay discussing something you learned that fills you with excitement. Is your teen happiest out in the garden? A week-long program at North Carolina State College, the Horticultural Science Summer Institute exposes young people to different career paths within the horticulture industry. Working alongside university faculty, teens will learn about vegetable breeding, sustainable production, and more. To apply, write an essay explaining why you want to the attend the Horticultural Science Summer Institute. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. A one-week program at North Carolina State College, this course explores topics related to the agricultural industry. Along with performing lab experiments, teens will have the chance to learn about meat quality assurance while touring farms and meat processing facilities. The course is hands on and includes opportunities to develop leadership skills. For teens with more time on their hands, the four-week Research Apprenticeship Program at North Carolina A&T University is a great way to gain a competitive advantage. Working with CAES research scientists, students will explore topics such as animal sciences, biological engineering, and biotechnology. Learning opportunities occur both in the laboratory and the classroom, and students have the chance to work in teams. Teens with a passion for math and science could benefit from this four-week program out of the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. During the course, students can choose to focus on a range of STEM fields, including biology, health sciences, chemistry, and environmental sciences. To apply, write an essay explaining how a work experience or extracurricular activity influenced you and why. Want your teen to get a feel for college life prior to moving into the dorms? A three-day program   at the University of North Carolina, Project Uplift exposes teens to the academic, extracurricular, and social elements of college life. The program, which is open to high school juniors, aims to increase higher education access for students who are traditionally underrepresented on college campuses. Students in rural areas often have fewer opportunities to get a feel for college life. A four-day program offered by the University of North Carolina, NCR invites talented juniors from less populated regions to step into the world of higher education. Along with exploring academics and developing leadership skills, students will have the chance to tour dorms, dining halls, and rec facilities. As a bonus, participants will learn test-taking strategies to help them excel on the ACT and SAT. Does your teen have a talent for arguing? If so, they might benefit from the RKS Scholars program at Wake Forest University. This six-week course allows verbally advanced students to practice their arguments and rebuttals through drills and mini debates. The focus is on practicing what you learn so it stays with you during the months and years to come. Looking for more summer program opportunities for your teen? Check out our post on the best pre-college programs in South Carolina . Families often make the mistake of thinking that the college admissions process doesn’t begin until senior year. On the contrary, the most competitive schools are interested in what applicants do throughout their entire high school careers. At , we’ve created our Mentorship Program to advise students on everything from enrolling in summer programs to selecting extracurriculars. You can trust us to help your teen build a competitive portfolio that shows them off to their greatest advantage. Ready to help your student succeed? Call today or contact our Mentorship team online . You can also view a list of summer programs available through Duke University on our website.  

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies Essay

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is a common factor that every company faces at every level of operation. In order to strengthen competitive power, motor companies and auto-related products tend to employ unique technologies that can enable them to survive in the market. Some have also relied upon their specific governments to protect them from competition caused by new entrants. The Hyundai motor company is one of the companies that face competition from other auto manufacturers. Hankook is also an example of a universally known company dealing with auto-related products like tires and spare parts. Hyundai Motor Company came into existence in 1968. Upon its establishment, the company merged with Ford Motor Company with the aim of filtering technology for building ships. Upon parting ways with Ford motor company, Hyundai Motors collaborated with the Mitsubishi motor company of Japan that helped in the manufacture of Pony, the first small passenger car with an engine power of 1500cc. In the reports of Lansbury, the success of the Pony model in the markets of Korea lifted the position of Hyundai Motor Company to the best position among other motor manufacturers in Korea. The impressive performance of Pony in the market motivated further innovation that led to the manufacture of Pony II version in 1973. Good features associated with the Pony model enabled Hyundai to penetrate the Canadian market, where it made high sales. With the continued partnership of Mitsubishi and Hyundai, Hyundai produced other stellar, a new model with the brand name of engine power 1597cc in 1982. In 1985, Hyundai Motors released the Sonata model with an engine power of 2000cc and later in 1990 the company produced Elantra model that had an engine power of 1800cc. According to Lansbury, the impressive features of the excel model enabled Hyundai motors to penetrate and market its cars in America by 1986. The performance of Excel in the America n market made Hyundai Motors to clinch position three among the best performing foreign companies in America. The partnership between Hyundai motors and Mitsubishi Motors provided Hyundai with the more technological know-how that assisted Hyundai to increase the rate and volume of production thus keeping the company top of other car manufacturers in Korea. In the view of Lansbury, the association with Mitsubishi enabled Hyundai motors to gather managerial skills that helped in boosting production volumes.

Theory into Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Theory into Practice - Assignment Example ical Limited are considered; one of which have adopted successful CSR strategies while the other could not succeed in devising relevant CSR strategies in Indian pharmaceutical industry. With the beginning of internalization and globalization, the operation in modern day business has transformed to a great extent (Asongu, 2008). The phenomenon has brought in excessive competition and complexity in the business environment; this has challenged the managers and board of directors of well-known companies to measure its overall performance in the competitive industry. Because of globalization and internationalization, the managers and boards has to track the changes that have taken place in the external environment. In order to develop a un-interruptive business environment for the companies, the managers have undertaken several Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities (Boeger, 2010; Birch and Moon, 2008). These activities have helped them to deal with the complexities that dominate the external business environment and also balance the interest of the stakeholder so as to maintain the equity investments (Birch and Moon, 2008). Over the past few decades, CSR activities have occupied a significant place in every industry across the world. The CSR activities have the capability to enhance value of the firm (Servaes and Tamoya, 2013). The project takes into account pharmaceutical industry, which is a well regulated industry. The company that is considered for case study is GlaxoSmithKline Plc. The CSR activities undertaken by GSK are discussed in the project and it is also compared with its competitors. The main motivation behind choosing the topic is to acquire in-depth knowledge regarding the companies who undertake CSR activities and explore the concept more precisely so as to examine the challenges that are related to CSR. The global pharmaceutical industry is threatened by the rule and regulations as a result it is very interesting to know how the

Final reflective Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final reflective - Term Paper Example The film itself is for the most part always in reflection. These reflections are most often not varying shades of gray, but in contrasting dark and light, black and white. From a technical standpoint, lighting in the film tells a story all its own that the director has certainly intended. By his use of light or white to represent the good and higher principles, and his implementation of shadows and darkness to represent the more nefarious ideations in the movies, Welles rummages around in our psyches to evince a reaction to the scenes before word one is spoken. We are certainly instinctively programmed to trust the light, because you can see more, and distrust the mysterious darkness. Welles uses this as his own commentary on his characters as well as social commentary and the greater society. It is also interesting to think how Welles would have done this movie if color filmmaking were more in vogue. Also interesting that Welles, seeing the world through absolutes of black and white , also parallels this with newsprint and running a newspaper where stores are all there in black and white. Again this also represents the search for knowledge. It is interesting to note the progression of light and darkness in Kane as the movie progresses as well. The movie begins, as many good tales do, at the end. Kane murmering those famous words, Rosebud and dropping the snow globe. He is in the darkest of rooms, you can’t even see him, the snow globe however is well lit. When we see Charlie as a child he is in the whites and brightest of scene, virgin snow. As he progresses scenes alternate between light and dark depending on the event, but overall the brightness tends to recede and Kane’s character becomes darker as he is more stained by the realties of life. There is certainly also an element of realism, a documentary

Tax Planning Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tax Planning Problem - Assignment Example This is because in case of alimony, tax is charged to the party who receives the benefits of income and thus is nondeductible to the party earning that income (Cussen, Investopedia.com). In this regard, Nell’s gross income and thus her taxable income would be increased by that amount as Nell is receiving the benefits of Kirby’s income. 3) Out of $900, only the amount of $600 is considered as alimony. This is because this amount can’t be declared as child support since continuation of this amount is not pertinent to any contingency related to child in terms of his death or attaining the age of maturity (Cussen, Investopedia.com). As a result, being alimony, this will reduce Kirby’s taxable income and increase Nell’s taxable income, each by $600. On the other hand, the remaining $300, to be ceased after any contingency to the child, can be declared as child support and thus, not being alimony, wouldn’t account for any tax-related consequence to any of the party; neither of the party would recognize this amount in his / her taxable income. Works Cited Cussen MP. â€Å"The Fundamentals of Spousal Support Taxation.† Investopedia.com. Investopedia, n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2011.

Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Corporate Governance - Essay Example Certainly, in spite of its characteristic past origins and its shortcomings, it is evidently coming out as the global benchmark. However, queries of institutional shifts are untimely. It is worth noting that towards the end of the 20th century, the German and Japanese models of corporate governance was most preferred in the world, and it served as the worlds best from 1990-early 2000 (Goergen, Manjon & Renneboog 2008). Experts believed in the bank-centered association capitalistic approach to deal with the social disturbance brought about by the American narrow-minded shareholder orientation. The intrinsic worthiness of "Toyotaism" and the exemplary performance of some of the Asian economies and business establishments that emulated the German and Japanese corporate framework influenced the business reporters to herald the surfacing of the Anglo-American method of control Keiretsu (Wood 1991; Herbig & Shao 1994). The reports stated that unregulated Anglo-Saxon capitalistic mode of corporate governance is encountering challenges in dealing with the current situation. They therefore argued that the American bus iness organizations ought to have been supported to institute Keiretsu-like groupings that insulated the management from mid-term to short-term business and stock market forces devoid of developing them into ineffectual managers (Lincoln, Gerlach & Ahmadjian 1996). In summary, the most prolific economies were successful due to their corporate governance frameworks, at times referred to as communitarian or association capitalism. They subdued the signs from intolerant economic markets and promoted collaboration among business corporate organizations and their suppliers, contrary to what the American framework of investing capitalists. Certainly, agreeing on which evaluator of performance to employ and what period to concentrate on results to divergent

Final reflective Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final reflective - Term Paper Example The film itself is for the most part always in reflection. These reflections are most often not varying shades of gray, but in contrasting dark and light, black and white. From a technical standpoint, lighting in the film tells a story all its own that the director has certainly intended. By his use of light or white to represent the good and higher principles, and his implementation of shadows and darkness to represent the more nefarious ideations in the movies, Welles rummages around in our psyches to evince a reaction to the scenes before word one is spoken. We are certainly instinctively programmed to trust the light, because you can see more, and distrust the mysterious darkness. Welles uses this as his own commentary on his characters as well as social commentary and the greater society. It is also interesting to think how Welles would have done this movie if color filmmaking were more in vogue. Also interesting that Welles, seeing the world through absolutes of black and white , also parallels this with newsprint and running a newspaper where stores are all there in black and white. Again this also represents the search for knowledge. It is interesting to note the progression of light and darkness in Kane as the movie progresses as well. The movie begins, as many good tales do, at the end. Kane murmering those famous words, Rosebud and dropping the snow globe. He is in the darkest of rooms, you can’t even see him, the snow globe however is well lit. When we see Charlie as a child he is in the whites and brightest of scene, virgin snow. As he progresses scenes alternate between light and dark depending on the event, but overall the brightness tends to recede and Kane’s character becomes darker as he is more stained by the realties of life. There is certainly also an element of realism, a documentary

Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Corporate Governance - Essay Example Certainly, in spite of its characteristic past origins and its shortcomings, it is evidently coming out as the global benchmark. However, queries of institutional shifts are untimely. It is worth noting that towards the end of the 20th century, the German and Japanese models of corporate governance was most preferred in the world, and it served as the worlds best from 1990-early 2000 (Goergen, Manjon & Renneboog 2008). Experts believed in the bank-centered association capitalistic approach to deal with the social disturbance brought about by the American narrow-minded shareholder orientation. The intrinsic worthiness of "Toyotaism" and the exemplary performance of some of the Asian economies and business establishments that emulated the German and Japanese corporate framework influenced the business reporters to herald the surfacing of the Anglo-American method of control Keiretsu (Wood 1991; Herbig & Shao 1994). The reports stated that unregulated Anglo-Saxon capitalistic mode of corporate governance is encountering challenges in dealing with the current situation. They therefore argued that the American bus iness organizations ought to have been supported to institute Keiretsu-like groupings that insulated the management from mid-term to short-term business and stock market forces devoid of developing them into ineffectual managers (Lincoln, Gerlach & Ahmadjian 1996). In summary, the most prolific economies were successful due to their corporate governance frameworks, at times referred to as communitarian or association capitalism. They subdued the signs from intolerant economic markets and promoted collaboration among business corporate organizations and their suppliers, contrary to what the American framework of investing capitalists. Certainly, agreeing on which evaluator of performance to employ and what period to concentrate on results to divergent

Sense and Sensibility Essay Example for Free

Sense and Sensibility Essay Jane Austen’s novel â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† was originally named â€Å"Elinor and Marianne† before the title was changed during publication in 1811. Thus, the readers associate Elinor with â€Å"sense† and Marianne with â€Å"sensibility†. â€Å"Sense† and â€Å"sensibility† establish the overall characterization of the two main characters. The dichotomy of â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† is one of the perspectives through which the novel is most commonly analyzed. Although Jane Austen seems to be in favour of â€Å"sense†, through the novel’s plot and characterization of the Dashwood sisters, Jane Austen seems to be suggesting that a balance of both attributes is necessary in order for one to survive in their society. â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† refer to Elinor and Marianne, respectively. From the footnotes of the novel, â€Å"sense† is defined as possessing judgment and intelligence, while â€Å"sensibility† is defined as capacity for refined emotional response to feelings and experiences, involving delicate sensitivity to moral and aesthetic issues. From these descriptions, Elinor can be portrayed as the embodiment of â€Å"sense†, while Marianne is â€Å"sensibility†. At the beginning of the novel, Jane Austen describes these two traits in Elinor and Marianne and how they are in comparison to each other. â€Å"Elinor†¦ possessed a strength of understanding and coolness of judgment†¦ and her feelings were strong: but she knew how to govern them† and â€Å"Marianne’s†¦ quite equal to Elinor†¦ but eager in everything†¦ she was everything but prudent. † These descriptions set up the basic personalities of the Dashwood sisters throughout the novel and are important in showing their growth. Some of the main trials faced in the novel are for â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† to cooperate and for the sisters to find a meeting point between reason and emotion. In the novel, as Elinor and Marianne mature and develop, the readers start to see the sisters exhibiting each other’s characteristics. For instance, when Elinor finds out that it was Robert that Lucy married and not Edward, she reacted the way the readers would expect Marianne to behave: â€Å"Elinor could sit no longer†¦ burst into tears of joy, which at first she thought would never cease. † By exhibiting â€Å"sensibility†, Elinor demonstrates to Edward her feelings for him and consequently, they are happily married at the end of the novel. Another instance is when Marianne reflects on her behavior: â€Å"My illness has made me think†¦ I saw in my own behavior†¦ nothing but a series of imprudence towards myself and want of kindness to others. † Here Marianne begins to think more rationally and before long, she sees how caring and heroic Colonel Brandon is capable of being (previously, she thought of Colonel Brandon as one who has succumbed to the infirmity of dull middle age) and eventually, Marianne gets her happy ending. From the aforementioned examples, the readers perceive that it is only when the sisters are able to find an intersection point between reason and emotion and their â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† are in balance, do the Dashwood sisters get their deserved outcomes. Here, the title â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† act as a plot device, as well as a device for character development. Another way in which the title of the novel is significant is it explores some of the main concerns in â€Å"Sense and Sensibility†. One of the main concerns explored is the relationship between Elinor and Marianne. The title â€Å"Sense AND Sensibility† perhaps suggests that â€Å"sense† cannot exist and function without â€Å"sensibility† and vice versa. Seeing that Elinor represents â€Å"sense† and Marianne represents â€Å"sensibility†, this would explain the reversal of roles at the end of the novel. The role reversal discards the somewhat fixed descriptions of the Dashwood sisters at the beginning of the novel. If Elinor and Marianne were to remain true to Jane Austen’s characterization of them, they would not be able to achieve their respective happy endings. Another concern explored through the title is societal expectations of women. In the introduction, it explains that â€Å"sensibility† may be considered as â€Å"a feminine attribute in some respects, but it would be socially inconvenient for women to possess too much of it, for they would not fit in with what was required of them or put up with what they had to endure†. One example, where the â€Å"possession† of too much â€Å"sensibility† has caused a problem is Marianne. When Marianne saw Willoughby at the ball, she was overcome by emotions and acted against the social code and shortly after that she fell ill. This is a result of her having too much of â€Å"sensibility† and too little â€Å"sense†. Perhaps Austen is trying to make a point that in society, a woman needs to have Elinor’s â€Å"sense†, but she also needs to display emotion and possess a bit of passion like Marianne. In short, the well balance of â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† is necessary. All in all, the overall impression that the readers get from the title, â€Å"Sense and Sensibility†, in relation to the novel’s plot and characters, is that the novel is not about the triumph of sense over sensibility or their division; on the contrary, the readers remember â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† as a conjunction of terms that serve together as the compound subject of Jane Austen’s novel.

Defensive Strategies By Cadburys Against Craft Marketing Essay

Defensive Strategies By Cadburys Against Craft Marketing Essay Discuss the types of defensive strategies available to target companies and in particular, describe the strategies used by Cadbury to, albeit unsuccessfully, defend the bid by Kraft. With the development of economy and technology, competition among enterprises is becoming increasingly intense. Many companies decide to expand their companies scale and business through mergers and acquisitions to achieve maximum profits. Takeover is a business behaviour that one company is purchased by another one. There are several types of takeover, including friendly takeovers, hostile takeovers, reverse takeovers and backflip takeovers. Even though some mergers and acquisitions can bring about synergy and more substantial profits, some takeovers are not welcome. Therefore, a large numbers of measures are taken by target companies to defend the hostile takeover. In this essay, I state different types of takeover defence and their characteristics. Furthermore, I introduce their practical application taking the merger of Kraft and Cadbury as an example. Different types of defensive strategies Defensive strategies can be classified into active measures and preventive measures. Active measures consist of greenmail, standstill agreement, white knight, and so on, while preventive measures are made up of poison pills, people pill and other defences. In particular, greenmail, poison pills, staggered board terms and supermajority rules are common used defensive strategies by incumbent managers. Greenmail is purchasing enough shares of the target company to threaten its shareholders interests and then forcing the target company to agree to buy the bidders stock back at a premium as long as it does not want to be taken over. It has brought fabulous profits for investors. For example, in June 1979, Icahn Corporation in the United States bought 9.9% of the shares of the Saxon Industries Corporation at $7.21 per share. And in February 1980, Saxon repurchased its own shares held by Icahn Corporation at the price of $10.50 per share. Icahn also bought 10% of shares of Hammermill paper Corporation at 25 dollars per share in the late of 1979. After that, the latter bought back these shares held by Icahn at the price of 36 dollars per share. Icahn totally invested $20,000,000 in the merger activities and made 900 million dollars profits after these stocks were repurchased. As the US tax law regulates that the income from greenmail should pay 50 percent of the tax. Moreover, disputes often lead to high legal costs, as a result, the use of this takeover defence are greatly restricted. Stock price of the target company usually goes down after it pays greenmail to the firm which want to take over the company. For instance, in 1984, David Murdoch held 5% of Occidental Petroleums stock and forced it to take measures to increase the value of its stock. Occidental Petroleum responded to the pressure by buying Murdochs shares back at a substantial premium to the fair stock market price. It repurchased the 5 percent of stocks at a price of $40.1 per share instead of the market price of $28.75, that is, it enabled Murdoch to gain the extra 42 percent of profits to the market value and made the total profits up to 56 million dollars. After paying greenmail to Murdoch, the market price per share of Occidental Petroleum stock dropped by $0.875, indicating the market value of the company declined over 80 million dollars. Since the stock price had decreased before the announcement of the repurchase, the actual losses were more than $80 million. A poison pill, which is also called a shareholder rights plan, is the most effective defence strategy. It was devised in the mid-1980s which forced the acquiring firm to negotiate the purchase price of the stock with the target firms board of directors, rather than negotiate with shareholders directly. Even though there are different kinds of pills, they have one thing in common that they increase the cost of takeover as a transfer occurs from the bidder to shareholders. Poison pills are forbidden in some countries such as the United Kingdom. In Europe, due to the complicated political environment and the uncommon explicit poison pills, many governments can prevent companies from buying other firms by taking a series of political actions, but some hostile takeovers may be successful. There are five types of poison pills, including preferred stock plan, flipover rights plan, ownership flip-in plan, back-end rights plan and voting plan. Flipover rights plan is the most popular takeover defence in these five kinds of poison pills. Shareholders of the target firm have the right to buy stocks of the acquiring enterprise at a discounted price after the merger, which is equal to a stock dividend. In the event of the acquisition, the number of shares held by the bidder will decrease as well as stock prices. If Corporation A decide to merger with Corporation B and Corporation B have the option to purchase As shares at a discount, the acquisition cost is quite expensive for A so that it may choose to give up the acquisition of B ultimately. An acquirer which has gained over fifty percent of a target firms stocks may be unable to take over the company as some companies have regulations that who acquire at least two thirds supports from shareholders and sometimes 90% of shares have the right in charge of the company. Staggered board of directors or classified board refers to that the board of directors is divided into different classes, and companys articles of association formulate that only a part of directors, commonly one third or one fourth, can be re-elected each year. The measure means that even if the acquirer has held enough shares of the target firm and gained control of the company, it can neither make a substantive restructuring of the board of directors nor immediately take over the board of directors. The staggered board of directors plays a significant role in delaying the process of hostile takeover. As the majority of directors in the board are original, they still hold the majority voting power and contr ol the company. They can decide to broad investments and increase their shares to dilute the bidders stock shares, or take other actions to achieve the purpose of anti acquisition. Staggered Boards is an effective takeover defence that has less impact on share prices. Case Study: Cadburys defences against the bid of Kraft Cadbury is an international company to produce, promote and distribute sweets and beverage products. It is the worlds second largest confectionery company as well as the second largest chewing gum company. Kraft food is the second largest food company in the world, whose core products are coffee, candy, dairy products and beverages. It has over sixty thousand employees around the world and has launched business in 145 countries. Even though the American blue-collar are enthusiastic about Kraft products, Krafts sales performance was far less than expectation as its revenue declined by 6%. Due to the excessive reliance on low end market and the lack of new growth points, Kraft faced a crucial decision: one was introducing new products and promoting a new brand, the other was taking over the existing namely brands. On 28 August 2009, Rosenfeld, the chairman of Kraft, proposed an offer to absorb Cadbury at a price which was 31% higher than the closing price at that day and amounted to nearly 10.2 billion pounds. Although Roger, the chairman of Cadbury realized that the development of the company size had suffered bottlenecks, he convinced that in the acquisition game, Cadbury would be able to reap the initiative opportunity. On 7 September, Cadbury formally stated that it rejected Krafts acquisition, because the proposed acquisition greatly underestimated the value and development prospects of Cadbury. Because of the acquisition news, Cadburys share price rose by 37% at that day, causing its total market value up to an unprecedented 106 billion pounds, which was more than Krafts bid. On September 22nd, intolerable Cadbury asked the British MA supervision institution to give a ruling to Kraft, forcing it to nail down before the 9 November. If it cannot submit a more reasonable offer, Kraft would not take acquisition activities within at least six months. Immediately, Rosenfeld said that Kraft did not have to take over Cadbury. This made a lot of Cadburys shareholders begin to worry that Cadburys share price would collapse if Kraft gave up the acquisition. Roger appeased shareholders and he believed that refusing the acquisition and remaining independence of Cadbury could bring about best interests to shareholders. Cadbury was confident of its independent strategy and development prospective in the future, while merging with Kraft, which had low growth, may have an obscure prospect. On October 21st, Cadbury released the third-quarter financial statement which indicated that the quarterly revenue rose by 7%. On that day, its stock price reached a record high, with a total market value as much as 11.08 billion pounds. Shareholders of Cadbury took the opportunity to express that if Krafts offer was 122 million pounds, they were able to discuss on the issue of acquisition. This price was 20 billion pounds higher than Krafts original offer price. On 9 November, Kraft announced that it would launch a hostile bid for Cadbury in accordance with the previous offer. In late November 2009, the US Hershey Corporation, the Italian Ferrero Corporation and Nestlà © of Switzerland had expressed their willingness to bid. Therefore, Cadbury must not be so easily accept Krafts offer. Because Kraft is not the only one which tended to take over Cadbury, while Cadbury is almost the only choice for Kraft. Roger Carr said that Cadbury preferred to merger with Hershey rather than Kraft, because this merger was expected to generate higher earnings per share. It was reported that the directors of Cadbury secretly contacted Hersheys directors to encourage it to act as a white knight and launch a tender offer in order to compete with Kraft. It is a takeover defence known as white knight. When a company become the hostile takeover target, it may invite another company to make friendly acquisition proposal to defuse the pressure of hostile takeovers. The company which is invited to help the target firm defend hostile takeovers is called white knight. Success for the Cadbury takeover would bring about less synergy and make Nestle face antitrust scrutiny, while Hershey had no ability to bear acquisitions without Ferreros assistance. As a result, they gave up taking over Cadbury. Finally, Krafts merger of Cadbury was successful at the price of $19.5 billion. Conclusion Takeover defences mentioned above are effective and commonly used measures to resist the hostile takeover of acquiring firms. Different strategies have different characteristics and applications. For instance, staggered broad of directors has less influence with the companys stock price than greenmail, while poison pills are forbidden in some countries. The merger of Cadbury and Kraft is a well-known and significant MA case in this century. Even if Cadbury had taken a series of actions to defend Krafts takeover and achieve some results initially, causing Kraft had to sell its pizza business at a super low price and issue new shares, eventually, Kraft gained the victory of the campaign. In my opinion, adopting efficient defensive strategies do not mean obtaining desired results. The surrounding economic environment and views of counterparty also play a vital role in merger and acquisition activities.

education Essay -- essays research papers

Rather than emphasizing on maintaining discipline in a classroom, classroom management would be more appropriate for an effective teacher. Discipline has two significant limitations such that discipline highlights the individual rather than the classroom and secondly it connotes negative behavior (352). Whereas classroom management is broadly defined as â€Å"all of those positive behaviors and decisions a teacher makes to facilitate the learning process of their students† also reiterating all of those â€Å"activities necessary to create and maintain an orderly learning environment† (352). The reason why creating an effective classroom management plan is essential is to create a positive and productive learning environment, be able to work and communicate with the students, â€Å"reduce the incidents of misbehavior† while maintaining student interest, motivation, and involvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone classroom is diverse since not one person is the same. Keeping this concept in mind, it is important to understand that everyone, primarily the students, have different cultural beliefs, values and attitudes. Some students may also come from a single parent home or may have their family going through a divorce. By understanding each student and their various cultural diversities, it will help the effective teacher produce a stronger level of communication with their students and encourage a productive learning environment. It is important to acknowledge each students differences and not ignore their needs outside the academic setting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the focus of creating an effective classroom management plan, it is essential to define rules and implement them so they may be clearly and easily understood. While establishing rules it is important to remember that the goal is â€Å"to establish and maintain an effective learning environment† (361). While developing rules for the classroom, it is best that the list of rules be few yet clear and concise. â€Å"It is also important to involve the students in the development of these rules; this not only facilitates their understanding and ownership but also cultivates their sense of power and self-esteem† (362). The effective teacher will realize that by including students into the decision making process of their own classroom management, they are encouraging a more productive learning environment. ... ...ively enthusiastic in a classroom is important to engage student motivation. This can be implemented by showing interest in the subject matter being discussed and the teacher’s enthusiasm should reflect onto the students’. Organization is important to be developed in the classroom so that the students may carry the organizational skills outside the classroom and through out the rest of their lives. This can be implemented by having the students organize their desks at the end of every week and having a binder/notebook of their work shown to the teacher periodically which is organized according to the rules the teacher has established. Following through the rules is also important for the children because it is necessary that they have a consistent environment. The rules may be positively reinforced but this must be consistently done. It is a teacher’s role to have patience and with that the students will benefit the most. Finally, rules shall be implemented w ith respect, courtesy and listening on both ends of the spectrum. By showing the student that you, the teacher, has these qualities, they will realize that these are crucial in the proper development of a well-rounded student.

Nurses in Works Progress Administration Memories :: Nursing Careers Professions Medical Essays

Nurses in Works Progress Administration Memories Evidence from American Life Histories: The Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1940 American nursing transformed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from a family and community duty performed largely by untrained women in family homes, to paid labor performed by both trained and untrained women and men in a variety of settings. Distinctions between types of nurses increased in this transition. Life histories of nurses taken by Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) writers in the late 1930s provide valuable insight into the experience of some of these nurses. Enthusiast historians within the leadership of professional organizations have commonly focused on the accomplishments of notable nurses and professional organizations in what became a narrative of professional and societal progress. This narrative, whole providing much rich historical data and analysis, ignores the vast majority of nurses’ experience and voices. In the mid nineteen eighties, as nursing was increasingly embattled in a growing health care industry, historians, some from outside the nursing profession, began to examine this history. Barbara Melosh examined written and oral accounts of nurses in American from 1920 and through the Second World War in The Physician’s Hand: Work Culture and Conflict in American Nursing. She found that while the reform aim for nurse leaders in this period was professionalization, other nurses resisted or were distant from this process. For these nurses, the shared experience of the changing of the demands and rewards of nursing shaped their work and thinking. [1] Melosh attempts to place nursing within the context of women’s, labor and medical history. She proposes that the growing divisions within nursing itself arose from nurses’ position in the medical hierarchy, and the fight for both legitimate authority and control over the work process itself. She also posits that nurses developed an â€Å"occupational culture† that placed manual skill and direct patient contact over theoretical training at the same time that nursing elites were successfully winn ing a battle for degrees and credentialing over the apprenticeship model of the nineteenth century. [2] Lastly, she finds that while stratification of nursing as paid labor mirrored societal relations of gender, race and class, the experience of both apprenticeship and professionalization contributed to the separation of nursing from pre modern roots.[3] Susan Reverby in Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850-1945, finds that the story of American nursing revolved around the women and an obligation to care†¦in a society that refuses to value caring.

Causation and Correlation Essay

Causation and Correlation Paper The topic I am going to pick is â€Å"Wealthy people are thin†. This could go both ways I am thinking. Wealthy people have the means to stay thin. They have money, resources, and the means to keep there health in check. If you’re poor or not wealthy you basically have to eat or cook what ever is cheap and some healthy foods are not cheap. For these reasons I think the correlation for this topic could be a good one or a bad one, it just depends on what your economic status is and what you can or can’t afford. I think if I had to pick one or the other out of causation and correlation I think this topic is more causation. The reasoning for my selection is that if you are wealthy you have more options to stay thin. So for this being wealthy can cause one to stay thin. Another reason why wealthy people are more able to stay thin over less wealthier people is because like I have mentioned food is expensive and the foods they might need to get you might have to travel or go to special stores. Another way this is causation is because wealthy people can also afford personal trainers or even a gym membership along with weight loss doctors to stay on track. For all these reasons they cause wealthier people to stay thin. Reference: Causation and Correlation in this weeks materials.

Policy Development Essay

Domestic violence can be described as any form of deliberate coercion, bodily harm, sexual assault, or any other form of violent behavior committed by an intimate partner. Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Violence against an intimate partner is frequently followed by psychological abuse and controlling behavior relating to the methodical blueprint of power and control. Domestic violence comes in many forms but not always seen by the naked eye. Domestic violence constitutes forms of physical abuse, psychological abuse or even death that can be seen by other family members possibly causing a continuous cycle of abuse for generations to come. Facts and Statistics It is hard to grasp the notion that somewhere in the world every nine seconds a woman is being beaten or assaulted. On average, 85% of victims of domestic violence are women and 1 in every three women will endure some form of domestic violence in their natural life. Sadly enough only one fourth of all victims who have been physically assaulted by an intimate partner will actually report it to the police, implying that official statistics will never justify the full scope of the problem. The average age of a female victim who is at the greatest risk of harm by an intimate partner is between 20 to 24 years old. Domestic violence is the primary source of harm to a woman over all other possible harmful circumstances she will encounter. As if domestic violence isn’t already difficult enough for women to endure in an intimate relationship, if she has a male child who witnesses these assaults he is now two times more likely to abuse his partner or children as an adult passing along the cycle of abuse for our future. Statistics have shown that 30% to 60% of intimate partners who assault also assault their children. Intimate partner homicides that are reported to police make up  approximately one third of female homicide victims and 70% to 80% of those victims had a previous assault history. A very small amount of victims actually seek medical treatment after an assault but yet a vastly larger number of approximately 18.5 million victims seek mental health treatment following an assault. Separation isn’t always the ultimate solution to the problem. Over 70% of women who were injured during a domestic violence assault were assaulted after the separation (Safehorizon,  2014). Stakeholders Law Enforcement Often time’s victimization in cases of domestic violence is conducted behind closed doors causing law enforcement to become the first line of defense for victims of domestic violence. If the response of the police is extremely insufficient it has a negative impact on the victim making them less likely to use the criminal justice system in the future. There are typically three types of police responses to domestic violence: non-intervention, mediation, and arrest. The initial typical police response to domestic violence was the non-intervention way as police felt that domestic violence was a private matter best kept at home. The second approach is mediation which promotes crisis intervention including separating both parties, reconciliation, or social services referral. This method was designed to keep domestic violence out of the criminal justice system however, it proved to be ineffective. Now a more practiced policy to domestic violence is the arrest of an offender as a pres umed or mandatory response. Domestic violence cases are different in the sense that the offender can be taken into custody under a warrantless arrest as these types of misdemeanors do not have to occur in the officer’s presence. Legal changes have been made where officers now arrest the primary aggressor instead of the old dual arrest practices affecting the victim more than the offender. It has been shown that an officer is more often than not the victim’s last resort to alleviate the problem as they typically chose other routes as to not affect their livelihood. In all domestic violence situations officers shall make an arrest when an offense of violence has been presented, treat these acts of domestic violence as criminal, never disregard protection against domestic violence based upon race, religion, sexual orientation, immediately report  all cases of family violence, and receive training on domestic violence required by law (Erez,  2002). Due to the fact that domestic violence affects a large number of people, it is plausible to say that leaving the abuser is not as easy as people may think which would ultimately stop the abuse. Since this is true, law enforcement must approach domestic violence as serious as they approach any other significant crime by providing time, resources and attention. Given that law enforcement is spending a ton of time focusing on domestic violence, it is important for these agencies to establish a domestic violence policy that indicates reports will be completed on each domestic violence call regardless of whether or not an arrest was made. The most significant and respected service a law enforcement officer can provide to a victim is an arrest of their abuser (Klein,  2009). Prosecutors Prosecutors play a very important role in the prosecution of abusers within the criminal justice system in hopes of providing harsh judgments preventing reoffending and better protection of victims. If prosecutors fail to prosecute the bulk of domestic violence cases conducted by law enforcement an internal examination into their practices, policies, and priorities should be conducted providing an explanation as to why fewer prosecutions are being processed. They should not allow victims who are unwilling to prosecute their abuser stop them from proceeding on with the case. If a vast number of victims are willing to sign an affidavit of non prosecution, it is certain that prosecutors and law enforcement must come up with a better a way for victims to trust them so more cases are prosecuted. For prosecutors to gain a more successful prosecution rate, they must enhance victim cooperation and involvement by concentrating on the victim’s fears of being abused again or testifying i n court without fear of retaliation. In the event that a defendant possesses serious risk to the victim during trial, prosecutors must take all measures to protect the victim to effectively prosecute the case. It has been insisted upon by the judge that prosecutors report to the court any defendant’s negative actions such as reoffending, threatening or intimidating the victim so that potentially other charges can be added while the original case is still pending. While still being compassionate towards the victim, prosecution must base it case  on the law and penalties of the law versus the individual preferences of the victim as they tend to become more lenient during the course of the trial fearing retaliation in the future. Prosecution must also notify the defendant of this process so they don’t believe this is based upon the victim’s requests. Prosecutors must work hand in hand with law enforcement to obtain all the evidence associated with the case as well as identify and include all witnesses involved. Domestic violence can be deterred if prosecution sufficiently concentrates on the abuser risk by inflicting harsh sentences such as supervised probation and incarceration while revealing the defendants prior criminal and abuse history in hopes to prevent reoffending (Klein,  2009). The ideals that lawmakers had on prosecution or adjudication for domestic violence is consequently not being enforced. Legal representatives may become doubtful about the irregularity of violent behavior, or disbelieve the seriousness of the complainants, can either enforce the law firmly for prosecution purposes, or at the same time be understanding of the physical aggression that could be considered efficient punishment for the victim’s marital infidelity. Legal representatives are prone to characterize domestic violence as a civil matter for a ruling in divorce courts versus criminal courts. The prosecution and adjudication phases are substantial for offenders ultimately deciding their guilt or innocence, establishing a criminal record and providing a punishment. These phases are significant for the victim as well as they begin to trust the criminal justice system again (Erez,  2002). Judges Judges can ultimately be the final step in the adjudication process of domestic violence abusers so their role is extremely crucial in the protection of the victim. Merely handing down a guilty verdict does not guarantee reoffending of the abuser so judges should concentrate more on invasive sentences that include incarceration especially for those who are repeat offenders and those with an extensive criminal history. Even though judges should be open-minded when it comes to the views of the victims regarding punishment, he must enlighten all parties involved that he is compelled to hand out the most appropriate sentence pertaining to this case regardless of whether or not the victim agrees. Regardless whether the  defendant turns himself into the court for a domestic violence case, he should be treated as seriously as the offender arrested on scene as it has been shown that the typical offender flees the scene of the incident prior to officer’s arrival where a warrant is la ter issued for their arrest. Judges should hand down sentences that reflect the offender’s prior criminal history as those are signs of possible reoffending regardless if it reflects prior domestic violence offenses. In the event a defendant offends while pending another court case for domestic violence, judges may take that into account for purposes of bail, civil orders, and sentencing. Affidavits filled out by the victim don’t fully describe the abuse suffered by the victim or the fear of future abuse as this document is solely based upon the incident at hand. It is extremely valuable for the judge to further investigate this case by asking the victim more questions as well as examining the prior arrest history of the offender to have a better grasp on the whole picture relating to the abuse. Judges may issue protective orders to the victim but unfortunately this is only a strong piece of paper and it does not prevent abusers from reoffending. Judges should make every effort to house a user friendly courtroom, safe environment for all parties involved, be compassionate to the victims, and yet stern with defendants once some sort of abuse has been brought forward. When judges are able to represent the courtroom in this manner victims concerns are validated and the defendant’s behavior is shown to be unacceptable (Klein,  2009). Public Opinion Most people are in agreement that someone should step in when an abusive domestic violence situation arises, but they don’t agree on what their involvement should be, or the responsibility of the victim to reduce the violence by removing themselves from the abusive relationship. Even though people have the same opinion about domestic violence being a criminal act, they are not essentially on the same page that police should regularly arrest the offender or use other corrective authority versus using other alternatives. This apparent apprehension may be the outcome of people’s uncertainty concerning the applications of criminal sanctions. One theory is they believe offenders warrant the penalty of arrest or jail, yet another theory is they are often practical about the efficiency of the punishment  actually putting a stop to the aggressive actions or the probability the penalty will ultimately protect the victim. A more promising effect is possibly that of rehabilitation and victim or community focused changes. Nonetheless, such changes like offender treatments, education, and victims ultimately leaving the relationship continue to be a rare result (Carlson,  2002). Reform Recent reform within the prosecution and adjudication process of domestic violence includes the issuance of protective order as well as special legal defenses for battered women who have killed their abuser. At one time civil protection orders were only obtainable through a pending divorce, recently they have been pushed through legislation for battered women who are not currently involved in a divorce proceeding. The main objective of domestic violence reform has been aimed at the prosecution process as it has been found that too many cases, misdemeanors, were falling out of the criminal justice process during different stages. Through the years, domestic violence has become one of the most talked about policies and is in constant reform as ideals are continuously changing. Historically very little action by the police and prosecutors has been done regarding domestic violence and without a more serious offense, prior record of offender, possible weapon use, injuries, or physical evi dence most cases won’t see the inside of a courtroom. The most effective way to present a domestic violence case before the court is to have the victim’s cooperation but yet most prosecutors predict that victims will sign an affidavit of non prosecution ultimately dismissing the case altogether typically causing prosecutors to hesitate before filling a case. Prosecution efforts should be based upon the victim’s safety not the conviction of the offender. It should also be an approach to getting the word out to the offender that the abuse is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Prosecutors have recently found a way to prosecute domestic violence offenses even when the complainant does not want to pursue charges. They have implemented victim advocacy programs within the prosecutor’s office in hopes to boost victim retention within the process. Another approach is the evidence based prosecution, which is the idea of gathering all significant evidence to build a case against an  offender without the victim. Many peo ple believe these practices take away from the victim’s freedoms of determining their course of action (Erez,  2002). Another reform is that of the battered woman syndrome which has been employed in hopes of fixing past practices of disregarding the difficulty battered women face when she wants to defend herself in court, or the necessity to apply principals of law, or self defense that were not particularly appropriate for issues relating to abuse. This tactic has been used as a legal defense for women who battered or killed their abuser after they have suffered many years of abuse and responded by causing harm or death to them. Often times these cases are from battered women who harm their abuser without first being irritated due to the psychological state of mind the victim has suffered for many years (Erez,  2002). Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Without the constant fight by all stakeholders within the criminal justice system for the victims of domestic violence, no real solution to the problem can come of this resolve. Constant and continuous reform is necessary to maintain the safety and security of all victims preserving their trust with the criminal justice system.